43 6 BIOLOGY AND ITS MAKERS 



chick, best represent the progress of investigation between 

 Harvey and Linnaeus. The three contributions referred to 



J 



are those on the Anatomy oj Plants (Anatomc Plantarum, 

 1675-1679); on the Anatomy oj the Silkworm (De Bombyce, 

 1669); and on the Development of the Chick (De Formations 

 Pulli in Ovo and De Ovo Incubato, both 1672). 



We then pass to the Sy sterna Natures (twelve editions, 

 1735-1768) of Linnaeus, a work that had such wide in- 

 fluence in stimulating activity in systematic botany and 

 zoology. 



Wolff's Theoria Generation-is , 1759, and his De Formations 

 Intestinorum, 1764, especially the latter, were pieces of 

 observation marking the highest level of investigation of 

 development prior to that of Pander and Von Baer. 



Cuvier, in Le Regne Animal, 1816, applied the principles 

 of comparative anatomy to the entire animal kingdom. 



The publication in 1800 of Bichat's Traite des Membranes 

 created a new department of anatomy, called histology. 



Lamarck's book, La Philosophic Zoologique, 1809, must 

 have a place among the great works in biology. Its influence 

 w r as delayed for more than fifty years after its publication. 



The monumental work of Von Baer on Development 

 (Ueber Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere), 1828, is an almost 

 ideal combination of observation and conclusion in embry- 

 ology. 



The Microscopische Untersnchungen, 1839, of Schwann 

 marks the foundation of the cell-theory. 



The Handbook of Johannes Muller (Handbuch der 

 Physiologic des Menschen), 1846, remains unsurpassed as to 

 its plan and its execution. 



Max Schultze in his treatise Ueber Muskelkorperchen und 

 das was man eine Zelle zunennen habe, 1861, established one 

 of the most important conceptions with which biology has 

 been enriched, viz., the protoplasm doctrine. 



