4 68 



INDEX 



evolutionary thought, 407-433; 

 sweep of the doctrine of, 366 

 Osborn, quoted, 10, 364, 410; in 

 palaeontology, 339 



Palaeontology, Cuvier founds verte- 

 brate, 325; of the Fayum district, 

 341 ; Lamarck founder of inverte- 

 brate, 326; Agassiz, 332; Cope, 

 337; Huxley, 335; Lyell, 330; 

 Marsh, 337; Osborn, 339; Owen, 

 332; William Smith, 328; steps 

 in the rise of, 329 



Pander, and the germ-layer theory, 

 218 



Pangenesis, Darwin's theory of, 306 



Pasteur, on fermentation, 294; 

 spontaneous generation, 288; in- 

 oculation for hydrophobia, 299; 

 investigation of microbes, 298; 

 personality, 296; portrait, 295; 

 his supreme service, 299; venera- 

 tion of, 294 



Pasteur Institute, foundation of, 299; 

 work of, 300 



Pearson, Carl, and ancestral inher- 

 itance, 318 



Philosophic Anatomique of St. Hi- 

 laire, 416 



Philosophic Zoologique of Lamarck, 



375 



Physiologus, the sacred natural his- 

 tory, no 112 



Physiology, of the ancients, 179; 

 rise of, 179-194; period of Har- 

 vey, 180; of Haller, 181; of J. 

 Miiller, 184; great influence of 

 Miiller, 185; after Mtiller, 188 



Pithecanthropus erectus, 341, 360 



Pliny, portrait, 16 



Pouchet, on spontaneous generation, 

 286 



Pre-delineation, theory of, 206; rise 

 of, Malpighi, 207, Swammerdam, 

 208, Wolff, 210 



Pre-formation. See Pre-delineation 



Primitive race of men, 366 



Protoplasm, 259; discovery of, 250, 

 262; doctrine and sarcode, 270, 

 273; its movements, 261 ; naming 

 of, 269; its powers, 260 



Protozoa, discovery of, 104; growth 

 of knowledge concerning, 104-109 



Purkinje, portrait, 267 



Rathke, in comparative anatomy, 



163; in embryology, 223 

 Ray, John, 115; portrait, 116; and 



species, 117 



Reaumur, 96; portrait, 98 

 Recapitulation theory, 230 

 Recent tendencies, in biology, 437 



in embryology, 232 

 Redi, earliest experiments on the 



generation of life, 279; portrait, 



280 



Remak, in embryology, 223 

 Roesel, on insects, 95; portrait, 97 



Sarcode and protoplasm, 273, 275 



Scala Naturae, 131 



Scale of being, 131 



Schleiden, 243; contribution to the 

 cell-theory, 248; personality, 247; 

 portrait, 246 



Schultze, Max, establishes the proto- 

 plasm doctrine, 272; in histology, 

 172; portrait, 273 



Schulze, Franz, on spontaneous gen- 

 eration, 284 



Schwann, and the cell-theory, 242, 

 244, 248, 249; in histology, 171; 

 and spontaneous generation, 284 



Science, of the ancients, return to, 

 112; conditions under which it 

 developed, 8; biological, 4 



Servetus, on circulation of the blood, 



5 

 Severinus, in comparative anatomy, 



143; portrait, 143 

 Sexual selection, 388 

 Shells, evolution of, 352, 353 

 Siebold, Von, 134, 135; portrait, 135 

 Silkworm, Malpighi on, 63; Pasteur 



on, 299 



Smith, Wm., in geology, 328 

 Spallanzani, experiments on genera- 

 tion, 282; portrait, 283 

 Special creation, theory of, 410 

 Species, Ray, 117; Linnaeus, 129; 

 are they fixed in nature, 350; or- 

 igin f, 35~3 6 4 

 Spencer, 418; his views on evolution 



in 1852, 419 



Spontaneous generation, belief in, 

 278; disproved, 292; first experi- 

 ments on, 278; new form of the 

 question, 281; Redi, 279; Pas- 



