464 CHAPTER XXXIV. 



toxylin of Viallanes, and imbeds in paraffin. He also stains 

 by the rapid method of GOLGI, imbedding, however, the 

 ganglia in celloidin directly after the hardening in osmic 

 acid and bichromate, and treating the sections with the 

 silver (p. 34). He stains with methylen blue by treating 

 the ganglia in xitu for twelve to twenty-four hours with a 

 1 per cent, solution. 



832. Shell. Sections of non-decalcified shell are easily 

 obtained by the usual methods of grinding, or, which is often 

 a better plan, by the methods of v. Koch or Ehrenbaum, 

 172, 173. MOSELEY (Quart. Journ. Mic. Sci. [2], xxv, 

 1885, p. 40) decalcifies with nitric acid of 3 to 4 per cent, 

 and then makes sections. 



833. Injection of Acephala (FLEMMING, ArcJt.f. mik. Anat., 

 1878, p. 252). To kill the animals freeze them in a salt-and- 

 ice mixture, and throw them for half an hour into lukewarm 

 water. They will be found dead, and in a fit state for in- 

 jection. Chloroform and ether are useless (but see 20). 

 The injection-pipe may be tied in the heart ; but when this 

 has been accomplished there remains the problem of occlud- 

 ing cut vessels that it is impossible to tie. To this end, after 

 the pipe has been tied, the entire animal is filled and covered 

 up with plaster of Paris. As soon as the plaster has hardened 

 the injection may be proceeded with. 



See also DEWITZ, Anleit. zur anfert. zootom. Prop., Berlin, 1886, 

 p. 44 (Anodonta) and p. 52 (Helix). 



834. Maceration Methods for Epithelium. ENGELMANN 

 (Pfiiger's Arch., xxiii, 1880, p. 505) macerates the intestine 

 of Cyclas in osmic acid of 0'2 per cent, (after having warmed 

 the animal for a short time to 45 to 50 C.), or in concen- 

 trated boracic acid solution. 



The Intr a- cellular Processes of the Cilia. The entire intra- 

 cellular fibre apparatus may be isolated by teasing fresh 

 epithelium from the intestine of a Lamellibranch (e. g. 

 Anodonta} in either bichromate of potash of 4 per cent., or 

 salt solution of 10 per cent. To get good views of the 

 apparatus in situ in the body of the cell, macerate for not 



