SOME METHODS FOR LOWER ANIMALS. 495 



merit paper tied over one of the openings. It is then not 

 necessary to break the cylinder ; by removing the parchment 

 paper the paraffin can be pushed out of it in the shape of a 

 cylinder containing the objects imbedded at one end of it. 



See also the watch glass method, p. 94, and the papers 

 there quoted ; also PRZESMYCKJ, loc. cit., 880. 



883. Demonstration of Cilia ( WADDINGTON, Journ. Roy. Mic. 

 Soc., 1883, p. 185). A drop of solution of tannin, or a trace 

 of alcoholic solution of sulphurous acid, added to the water 

 containing the living organisms. 



884. Stains for Flagella. The method of LOFFLER has run 

 through several forms (Centralbl.f. Bacterial., vi, 1889, p. 209 ; 

 vii, 1890, p. 625; Zeit. f. wiss. Mik., vi, 3, 1889, p. 359; vii, 

 3, 1890, p. 368; Journ. Roy. NIC. Soc., 1889, p. 711; 1890, 

 p. 678), of which that given here is the latest. To 10 c.c. 

 of a 20 per cent, solution of tannin are added 5 c.c. of cold 

 saturated solution of ferrous sulphate and 1 c.c. of (either 

 aqueous or alcoholic) solution of fuchsin, methyl violet, or 

 <( Wollschwarz." (The mixture will require for some forms 

 the addition of a few drops of 1 per cent, solution of caustic 

 soda; e.g. for typhoid bacilli, 1 c.c.; for Bacillus subtili.s-,28 

 to 30 drops ; for bacilli of malignant oedema, 36 to 37 drops. 

 Some other forms will require besides the addition of a trace 

 of sulphuric acid to the soda solution, so for cholera bacteria, 

 half a drop to 1 drop; for Spirillum rubnt.m, 9 drops). 



Cover-glass preparations are made and fixed in a flame in 

 the usual way, special care being taken not to over-heat. 

 Whilst still warm, the preparation is treated with mordant 

 (i. e. the above-described mixture), and is heated for half a 

 minute, until the liquid begins to vaporise, after which it is 

 washed in distilled water and then in alcohol. It is then 

 treated in a similar manner with the stain, which consists of 

 a saturated solution of fuchsin in anilin water, the solution 

 being preferably neutralised to the point of precipitation by 

 cautious addition of O'l per cent, soda solution. 



BUNGE (Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc., 1894, p. 640; Zeit. f. wixa. 

 M-ik., xiii, 1896, p. 96) makes the mordant by mixing three 

 parts of the tannin solution with 1 of Liquor Ferri Sesqm- 

 chlorati diluted twentyfold with water, and lets the mixture 



