ORGANIC MOVEMENTS 53 



the strange though universally known fact spoken of. One 

 of our final chapters will try to deal with the most central 

 problem, both of philosophy and of biology proper, that is 

 established by this fact ; at present we make use of it in 

 a purely practical manner. In observing the actions of 

 animals and men, many more differences are revealed to 

 us in the men than in the animals, because we understand 

 the former and not the latter. Psychology thus, though 

 not our aim, is becoming our means of investigation. Only 

 by the aid of a truly objective psychology are we able to 

 analyse action into its ultimate elements. We never 

 could analyse the actions of any animal so far : we do not 

 even see everything that there is to analyse in them. 



No Pseudo-psychology 



By no means, of course, do we intend by our appeal 

 to psychology to introduce that sort of pseudo-psychology 

 which we excluded from natural science when we were 

 studying instincts. All acting organisms, including acting 

 men, are to us simply natural bodies in motion ; at least 

 they are immediately presented to us as such, though 

 analysis in its progress may introduce natural agents which 

 would represent not motion only but also the possibility of 

 movement. These agents or factors, however, would by 

 no means be psychological in the introspective sense the 

 only sense which the word " psychological " may legitimately 

 possess. 



Our time is limited, and therefore I cannot insist more 

 explicitly upon this methodological point ; but let me beg 

 you always to remember that in what follows we shall 



