ORGANIC MOVEMENTS 115 



parallelistic theory may be put upon an idealistic l and 

 phenomenological basis, stating that the " Given," as being 

 objectified in space on the one hand, and as being immediate 

 self-experience on the other, shows a complete correspond- 

 ence of the elements of its two sides, there being not a 



' o 



single element of the one side without a correlated element 

 on the other. In either case the advocates of the theory of 

 parallelism have held that the physical side of their duality 

 forms a continuous chain of strictly physico-chemical or 

 mechanical events without any gap in it. That has by no 

 means been proved by the defenders of the parallelistic 

 theory, but it generally has been regarded as self-evident 

 without any further reflection. 



There can be no doubt that we cannot agree with these 

 statements regarding the physical part of the parallelistic 

 theory in any of its usual forms : we have shown that there 

 is not at all an unbroken mechanical chain of events in 

 action as a phenomenon of motion, that there is a mutual 

 relation between factors which are mechanical or physico- 

 chemical and factors which are of quite another elemental 

 character. 



But it must be well kept in mind : we do not speak of 

 " psycho "-physical interactions in spite of that ; our funda- 



1 In one of the next chapters it will be shown that parallelism on an 

 idealistic basis is a simple absurdity. We wish to say in passing that even 

 metaphysically parallelism has always proved and always will prove to be 

 quite an impossible statement in our opinion. How could a mere sum or 

 addition, as the physical side of the supposed reality is maintained to be, 

 appear " from its other side" as a something that is quite certainly not such 

 a mere addition ? Parallelism nowadays seems to be almost wholly driven 

 out of the field. Even Wundt is no longer a convinced parallelist. That 

 Kant never was a parallelist is proved in my book Der Vitalismus ah 

 Geschichte und als Lehre. See in particular the additions made to the Italian 

 translation. 



