142 SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE ORGANISM 



knowing and willing is concerned in any kind of acting : 

 the faculty of innervation is " primary." 



So far there would hardly seem to exist any serious 

 analytical difficulty ; but the problem becomes very com- 

 plicated as soon as we turn from the facts to the " how," 

 as soon as we inquire the meaning of the primary faculties 

 of those entelechies in which an historical basis does 

 not play any part at all. We indeed are in a rather 

 desperate condition with regard to the real analysis of the 

 fundamental properties of morphogenetic, adaptive, and 

 instinctive entelechies : for there must be a something in 

 them that has an analogy not to knowing and willing in 

 general as it may be supposed to exist in the primary 

 faculties of pyschoids but to the willing of specific un- 

 experienced realities, and to knowing the specific means 

 of attaining them. And we are by no means able to 

 understand such a specified primary knowing and willing 

 in even the slightest degree. 1 



It is here that the difference between the " conscious l! 

 and the " unconscious ' enters the field, if we choose for 

 a moment to adopt Eduard von Hartmann's terminology. 

 We do not accept this terminology definitively, but the 

 differences expressed by it are real differences. 



Without doubt it is at this point that vitalism encounters 

 its greatest difficulties. It is here that so many make up 

 their minds that they cannot accept vitalism as a theory 

 at all. They would be inclined to accept the autonomy of 

 life as far as psychoids are concerned, as far as the historical 



1 To speak of an "inherited experience" here would only be to state the 

 problem in another form. Besides that there is no good reason at present 

 for assuming such an inheritance. Compare vol. i. pp. 278 ff. 



