THE DIRECT JUSTIFICATION OF ENTELECHY 273 



it, attention to the construction of the lamp, comparison 

 with known types of construction, noticing of a certain 

 screw as an important thing, specific will to move this 

 screw, feeling and seeing my hand moved : the optical lamp 

 ceases to smoke. 



7. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEMENTS IN GIVENNESS 



Spatial and Non-spatial Elements 



It now seems to me important to inquire which of all 

 these phenomena may be regarded as spatial, that is to say, 

 as being extensities in any sense, whether in the tactile 

 or in the optical sphere. 



There certainly is a continuous series of phenomena given 

 to consciousness, leading from the givenness of the tactile 

 lamp through the stimulation of retina, nerves, and brain 

 as tactile phenomena, through my seeing the " optical ' 

 lamp, and through very many other phenomena down to 

 the moving of my hand as a phenomenon that is optical 

 and tactile at the same time. Moreover it is very important 

 to notice that the single constituents of this continuous 

 series follow one another with the predication of univocal 

 necessity. The " optical lamp " follows the tactile 

 phenomenon in the brain, which for its part has followed 

 the tactile phenomenon in the optic nerve, and the " optical 

 lamp ' : is folloived by the phenomenon of identification. 

 But it is by no means clear from the very beginning that 

 this continuous series must consist of phenomena of tactile 

 and optical, that is, of spatial character exclusively. On 

 the contrary, introspective analysis shows most distinctly 



that the opposite is true. The first process that relates 



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