THE DIRECT JUSTIFICATION OF ENTELECHY 289 



something psychical. Inorganic events, to a certain extent 

 at least, always are sums ; but psychical events are not. 

 This alone, it seems to me, overthrows strict parallelism 

 and may even be regarded as refuting every kind of paral- 

 lelism. It is not in any way intelligible how the move- 

 ments or changes of the parts of a mechanical or energetical 

 system, that is, of a system which is notoriously a mere 

 aggregation of its parts, could be " accompanied ' by a 

 something, or could be the " Erscheinung ' ; of a something 

 that is quite certainly not an aggregate. There is nothing 

 like " wholeness ' in any mechanical system except in a 

 purely formal geometrical sense. On the contrary, it is the 

 chief characteristic of an energetical or mechanical system 

 that every event occurring in it is independent of the whole, 

 and only dependent on its own immediate conditions and 

 cause. If part of a machine of any kind whatever is broken 

 or disturbed, single events may go on well and typically in 

 the unbroken and undisturbed part. For this reason a 

 mechanical or energetical system a "machine" though 

 it may well be the result of the manifestation of an in- 

 tensively manifold whole, can never be its parallel or 

 " Erscheinung." 



Pseudo-idealistic Parallelism Refuted 



The second form of parallelism pretends to be idealistic, 

 but is, in fact, realistic and metaphysical also. All so- 

 called reality is regarded as being phenomenological, as 

 " being " only with regard to a subject. But this subject 

 is not identified with " my Ego " exclusively, but an 

 indefinite number of possible subjects is assumed to exist. 

 The parallelistic statement then is as follows : What are 



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