THE DIRECT JUSTIFICATION OF ENTELECHY 307 



brought to consciousness by only a limited amount of 

 acquaintance with Givenness, but, as soon as they arc 

 brought to consciousness, they direct consciousness in all 

 future experience of Givenness : the systematisation of nature 

 by means of categories thus becomes a " problem." 



It is by psychological introspective experience that 

 categories are, though not created, yet most immediately 

 awaked. The category of substance is brought to conscious- 

 ness in this immediate way by experiencing the permanence 

 of the Ego during the change of the consecutive conscious 

 states ; the category of causality becomes conscious, whenever 

 I feel that I move bodies in nature by the movement of 

 parts of my body, which is a body in nature itself. 



By mere analogy at first the categories of substance 

 and of causality are applied to the relations of bodies in 

 nature among one another, without relation to my body ; 

 psychological self- experience thus being the connecting link 

 between the categories and objective nature. One body 

 pushes the other, so it is said, because it is in possession 

 of a moving " force," just as " I " am in possession of such 

 a " force." It is only by degrees that categories become 

 applied to external nature directly ; in other words, that 

 they are strictly conceived as "categories." Theoretical 

 mechanics in fact has to a great extent freed itself from 

 the physiological so-called " anthropomorphic " connexion 

 between the categories and external Givenness. 



The category of substance thus became the foundation of 

 all theories of matter, the category of causality became the 

 foundation of dynamics in any of its forms, whether 

 classical or electro-dynamical. And the category of 

 causality, as we have said, must be formulated here in 



