ORGANIC MOVEMENTS 89 



" individualised stimulus." In neither case is this stimulus 

 a mere sum ; and the fact that there is more than a sum 

 proves in any case that there is more than a machine at work. 

 Thus we understand that our analysis of action is in- 

 dependent of the problem whether the doctrine of " specific 

 energy 5: be right or wrong. The great physiological im- 

 portance of this problem, of course, is by no means 

 diminished by what we have stated ; but problems must 

 always be clearly separated. 



77. SOME DATA FROM CEREBRAL PHYSIOLOGY 1 



But now let us try to ascertain positively what the part 

 played by the brain in acting is. 



We all know, of course, that the brain and the nerves 

 actually do play a most important part in actions as in all 

 movements ; for the sake of completeness, therefore, we are 

 forced to state at least in general terms what that part is. 

 Otherwise our whole argument about action might seem 

 rather unconnected with well-established facts. 



At the beginning of the present part of our lectures we 

 observed that we should study organic motions especially 

 under the aspect of regulations, and we mentioned briefly 

 that regulations may enter into these motions in three 

 different ways. The specificity of movement may be 

 determined, firstly, by the specificity of the stimuli coming 



1 Compare besides the text-books of Physiology : L. Asher, Zeitschr.f. 

 Physiol. d. Sinnesorg. 41, 1906, p. 157 ; Nagel, Handbuch d. Physiol. iii. 1 ; 

 von Monakow, Ergebn. d. Physiol. i. 2, 1902 ; Lewandowsky, Die Fundionen 

 des centralen Nervensy stems, 1907. A very good historical and critical review 

 of the whole subject will be found in C. Hauptmann, Die Afetaphysik in der 

 modernen Physiologic, 1893. 



