INDEX 



545 



Drought, endurance of, 464 

 Drought plants, 459 

 Drupe, 148*, 149, 150* 

 Dry fruits, 140-148* 

 Duckweed, 462* 

 Duct, 25* 

 Dulse, 214 



Earth star, 268, 269* 

 Ecological groups, 459-473* 

 Ecology, plant, definition of, 2, 3, 



407 



Economic botany, 500-535* 

 Economic botany, definition of, 3 

 Ectocarpus, 206*, 207 

 Egg apparatus, 383* 

 Egg cell, 165, 166, 18:3*, 189*, 204, 



212 



Egg, osmosis in, 37* 

 Elater, 285, 287* 

 Elder, pollen grain of, 382* 

 Elliptical, App. 1 

 Elm, 43* 

 Elm bud, 85* 

 Emarginate, App. I 

 Embryo, 5-12* 

 Embryo sac, 144*, 356, 373, 382, 



383*, 384* 

 Endocarp, 150* 

 Endosperm, 5-9*, 362*, 372*, 373, 



384, 385* 

 Energy, source of, in plants, 7, 110, 



111 



Enzymes, 10, 232 

 Epidermis, 24*, 25*, 60*, 61*, 64*, 



103-105* 



Epidermis, uses of, 117*, 118 

 Epigynous, 130* 

 Epigyny, 395 

 Epiphytes, 19*, 47*, 309, 310, 471- 



473* 



Equisetales, 325-329* 

 Equisetiuese, 325-329* 

 Equisetum, 325-329* 

 Ergot, 253* 



Eubasidiomycetes, 258, 264-269* 

 Euglena, 170*, 171 

 Euphorbia splendens, 417* 

 Evergreen, 121 

 Evolution, 153, 156 

 Evolution of algae, 225, 226 

 Evolution of sex, 223, 224 

 Excretion of water, 116-120 

 Existence, struggle for, 447-451, 497 

 Exocarp, 149, 150* 



Exogenous, 65 



Explosive fruits, 439 



External character of dicotyledonous 



stem, 59 

 External character of monocotyled- 



onous stem, 57* 

 Eyes of potato, 52*, 53 



Fall of. the leaf, 93*, 120-122 

 Family, 153 



Fermentation, 10, 11, 231, 232 

 Fern, life history of, 319 

 Ferns, 309-324* 

 Fertilization, 138-145*, 166 

 Fibrous roots. 23* 

 Fibrous-vascular bundles, 24, 58*, 



59-61*, 65-67*. 103*, 105*, 106* 

 Fibro-vascular bundles of ferns. 311, 



312* 



Ficus elastica, 80, 465* 

 Ficus religiosa, drip leaf of, 462* 

 Filament, 127* 

 Filicales, 311-320* 

 Filicinese, 309-324* 

 Fission plants, 178 

 Fittest, survival of the, 498 

 Fixation of carbon, 107 

 Flagellates, 170* 



Flax, cross section of stem of. 62* 

 Fleshy fruits, uses of, 444. 445, 518- 



520 



Fleshy roots, 23* 

 Floating seeds, 441. 442 

 Floral diagrams, 131* 

 Floral envelopes, 123* 

 Floral organs. 138-141* 

 Flower, 123-145*, 358 

 Flower, bud scar, 45*. 46* 

 Flower buds, position of, 45*, 46*, 



83*, 84* 



Flower, development of. 387*, 388 

 Flower, evolution of, 393-396 

 Flower, nature of, 138-140* 

 Flower, organs of, 123* 

 Flower, plan of, 123*, 130, 131* 

 Flower, symmetry of, 125*, 395 

 Flow 7 ers, ecology of, 420-435* 

 Flytrap, Venus," 412* 

 Follicle, 146*, 147 

 Food cycle, 163, 164 

 Food in embryo, 9-11* 

 Food products. See Plant products 

 Food, storage of, in root, 23*, 25, 26* 

 Food, storage of. in stem, 52-54*, 



78, 79 



