DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 



419 



day lily, Erythromum, tulips, hyacinths, lilies, Fritillaria, onion, 

 aloes and Spanish bayonets ( Yucca) of arid regions. Among 

 the higher genera of the lily family the organs of the perianth 

 often form a tubular structure. In the Amaryllis family we 

 find the same type of flower and fruit as in the lily family, but 

 the basal growth of the receptacle has enveloped the ovary so 

 that the flower has become epigynous (Fig. 289, A}. This 



FIG. 289. Advanced forms of the Liliales: A, Narcissus with inferior 

 ovary, o. The six sepals cohere at their base, forming a tube and they also 

 develop an outgrowth at the mouth of this tube, which surrounds the anthers 

 and stigma like a cup. B, flower of Iris. C, section of same, showing in- 

 ferior ovary, o; stigma, g; and anther, a. 



large family furnishes a number of showy flowers, as the jonquil 

 and daffodil (Narcissus), amaryllis, snowflake, Crinum, star 

 grass, century plant, etc. The flowers of some genera become 

 irregular through the unequal development of certain leaves of 

 the perianth. The Iris family marks the culmination of the 

 variations noted in the order. The types of flower and fruit are 

 like those of the previous family, but the crowding on the recep- 

 tacle has resulted in the obliteration of one whorl of stamens. 

 The structure of the flowers often shows a series of variations that 

 adapt them to insect visitors and crossing, as is well illustrated 



