CLASSIFICATION. 



Asexual, or Floicerless Plants. 

 Stems and leaves undistinguishable 

 Stems and leaves distinguishable 



Sexual, or Flowering Plants. 



fAlgales 



I. THALLOGENS < Fun.irales 

 iLicheualca 

 f Must-ales 



II. ACEOGEXS \ Lycopodalea 

 ^Filicales 



Wood of stem youngest in centre ; 

 cotyledon single. 



Leaves parallel-veined, permanent ; 

 wood confused 



Leaves net-veined, deciduous ; 

 wood, when perennial, arranged 

 in a circle with a central pith 



Wood of stem youngest at circum- 

 ference, always concentric ; coty- 

 ledons two or more. 



Seeds quite naked 



III. EXDOGENS 



IV. DlCTYOGESS. 



Glumales 

 Arales 

 Palmales 

 Hydrales 

 Narcissales 

 Amomales 

 Orchidales 

 Xyridales 

 Juncales 

 Liliales 

 L Alternates 



V. GTM.NOGEXS. 



fDiclinous 



Seeds enclosed in seed-vessels 



VI. EXOGENS 



Hypogyiious 



Perigynous 



.Epigynous 



/Amentalea 



\ Urticales 

 | Euphorbiales 

 I. &c. &c. 

 rViolalea 

 I Cistalea 

 I Malvaies 

 * &c. &c. 



{Picoidales 

 Daplinales 

 Resales 

 &c. &c. 

 rCampanales 

 } Myrtales 

 I Cactales 

 &c. &c. 



Here, linear arrangement has disappeared : there is a 

 breaking up into groups and sub-groups and sub-sub-groups, 

 which do not admit of being placed in serial order, but only 

 in divergent and re-divergent order. Were there space to 

 exhibit the way in which the Alliances are subdivided into 

 Orders, and these into Genera, and these into Species ; the 



the parts no longer needed, abort, and those parts develop which favour the 

 preservation of the race. Similarly in the Rhizogcns, the abortive development 

 of the leaves, the absence of chlorophyll, and the imperfect supply of spiral 

 vessels, are changes towards a structure fit for a plant which lives on the juices 

 absorbed from another plant; while the rapid and great development of the 

 fructifying organs, are correlative changes advantageous to a plant, the seeds of 

 which have but small chances of rooting themselves. And just the same reason 

 tliat exists for the production of immensely numerous but extremely small eggs 

 by Entozoa, exists for the production by Rhizogens^ of seeds that are great \ii 

 number and almost spore-like in size. 



