THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 93 



paratively high human type, the associated jaw and canine tooth 

 clearly are not, and some difficulty was met in explaining their evolu- 

 tionary discrepancy. That has apparently been answered, however, 

 by the conclusion that the association of the material is purely acci- 

 dental and that the jaw not only does not belong with the skull, but 

 that it is not even human but is that of a fossil chimpanzee. That 

 being the case, there seems to be no reason for the exclusion of the 

 Piltdown man, who has been named Eoanthropus dawsoni, from the 

 direct line of human ancestry. The specimen is not, perhaps, so surely 

 dated as are those of the other European races, but it is associated with 

 a warm-climate fauna and is generally considered to belong to the 

 Third Interglacial stage from 100,000 to 150,000 years old, and 

 hence vastly more ancient than the more primitive Homo neander- 

 thalensis. (See Fig. 7, B.} 



Cro-Magnon man. The original finds of the men of the Cro- 

 Magnon race, Homo sapiens, were made at Gower, Wales, and at 

 Aurignac, France. In the latter place seventeen skeletons came to 

 light in 1852, but were buried in the village cemetery and thus lost to 

 science, and not until 1868, when five more skeletons were discovered 

 at Cro-Magnon, France, was the race established. These individuals, 

 an old man, two young men, a woman and a child, are thus the 

 types of the race. This magnificent race is thus characterized : 



Skull large but narrow, with a broad face, hence disharmonic. 

 Facial angle equalling the highest type of Homo sapiens. Jaw thick 

 and strong, with a narrow but very prominent chin. Forehead high 

 and orbital ridges reduced. Brain not only of high type but very 

 large, that of the women exceeding the average male of to-day. 



The stature of the old man was 6 feet 4.5 inches; the average for 

 males being 6 feet 1.5 inches, for women 5 feet 5 inches, a great dis- 

 parity. The lower segments of the limbs were long, hi contrast with 

 the Neanderthal type, hence the men of Cro-Magnon were swift- 

 footed, while those of Neanderthal were slow. Osborn says: 'The 

 wide, short face, the extremely prominent cheekbones, the spread of 

 the palate and a tendency of the upper cutting teeth and incisors to 

 project forward, and the narrow, pointed chin recall a facial type 

 which is best seen to-day in tribes living in Asia to the north and to 

 the south of the Himalayas. As regards their stature the Cro-Magnon 

 race recall the Sikhs living to the south of the Himalayas. In the 

 disharmonic proportions of the face, that is, the combination of 

 broad cheekbones and narrow skull, they resemble the Eskimo. The 



