EVIDENCES FROM MORPHOLOGY 149 



There are also many other vestigial muscles, which occur only in a 

 small percentage of human beings, but which, when they do occur, 

 present unmistakable homologies with normal muscles in some of 

 the Quadrumana and still lower animals. 



3. Feet. It is observable that in the infant the feet have a 

 strong reflection inwards, so that the soles in considerable measure 

 face one another. This peculiarity, which is even more marked in 

 the embryo than in the infant, and which becomes gradually less and 



FIG. 21. Portrait of a young gorilla. (From Romanes, after Hartmann.) 



less conspicuous even before the child begins to walk, appears to me 

 a highly suggestive peculiarity. For it plainly refers to the condition 

 of things in the Quadrumana, seeing that in all these animals the feet 

 are similarly curved inwards, to facilitate the grasping of branches. 

 And even when walking on the ground apes and monkeys employ to 

 a great extent the outside edges of their feet, as does also a child when 

 learning to walk. The feet of a young child are also extraordinarily 

 mobile in all directions, as are those of apes. In order to show these 

 points, I here introduce comparative drawings of a young ape and the 



