202 READINGS IN EVOLUTION, GENETICS, AND EUGENICS 



orchid blossom. It deceives butterflies and other insects, which it 

 captures as they approach the seeming flower. In Java there is a 

 spider which resembles a bit of bird excrement upon which butterflies 

 are so apt to light. This resemblance enables it to capture the 

 butterflies upon which it feeds." 





FIG. 42. Kallima, the "dead-leaf butterfly." (From Jordan and Kellogg.} 



Warning coloration. Many animals that are for various reasons 

 harmful or dangerous to other animals have strikingly distinct color 

 patterns which have been interpreted by some authors as warning 

 marks to keep off possible attackers. Bees, wasps, hornets, some 

 poisonous snakes, many spiders, all of which have stings or fangs, are 

 marked with bands of contrasting colors. Other animals that are 



