98 MAN [CHAP. VIII 



Letter ^ EXPRESSION, 1868-1874. 



To F. Miiller. 



Down, January 3Oth [1868], 



I am very much obliged for your answers, though few in 

 number (October 5th), about expression. I was especially 

 glad to hear about shrugging the shoulders. You say that 

 an old negro woman, when expressing astonishment, wonder- 

 fully resembled a Cebus when astonished ; but are you sure 

 that the Cebus opened its mouth ? I ask because the 

 Chimpanzee does not open its mouth when astonished, or 

 when listening. 1 Please have the kindness to remember 

 that I am very anxious to know whether any monkey, 

 when screaming violently, partially or wholly closes its eyes. 



Letter 464 To W - Bowman. 



The late Sir W. Bowman, the well-known surgeon, supplied a good 

 deal of information of value to Darwin in regard to the expression of the 

 emotions. The gorging of the eyes with blood during screaming is an 

 important factor in the physiology of weeping, and indirectly in the 

 obliquity of the eyebrows a characteristic expression of suffering. 

 See Expression of the Emotions, pp. 160 and 192. 



Down, March 3oth [1868]. 



I called at your house about three weeks since, and heard 

 that you were away for the whole month, which I much 

 regretted, as I wished to have had the pleasure of seeing 

 you, of asking you a question, and of thanking you for 

 your kindness to my son George. You did not quite under- 

 stand the last note which I wrote to you viz., about Bell's 

 precise statement that the conjunctiva of an infant or young 

 child becomes gorged with blood when the eyes are forcibly 

 opened during a screaming fit. 2 I have carefully kept your 

 previous note, in which you spoke doubtfully about Bell's 

 statement. I intended in my former note only to express 



1 Darwin, in the Expression of the Emotions, adheres to this 

 statement as being true of monkeys in general. 



2 Sir C. Bell's statement in his Anatomy of Expression (1844, p. 106) 

 is quoted in the Expression of the Emotions, p. 1 58. 



