CONNECTIVE TISSUES. 357 



(apparently) mounts in balsam. The safranin stain will keep 

 if the material is cartilage which has been fixed in picro- 

 snblimate ; otherwise it must be fixed with ammonium 

 molybdate of 5 per cent, before dehydrating. 



SOHMORL (Centralb. allg. Path., x, 1899, p. 745) stains in 

 a mixture of 2 c.c. concentrated solution of thionin in 

 alcohol of 50 per cent, and 10 c.c. of water for ten minutes, 

 rinses and puts into saturated aqueous picric acid for thirty 

 to sixty seconds. Rinse and pass through graded alcohols 

 into origanum oil or carbol-xylol and balsam. Matrix 

 yellow, cells red, fat-cells violet. He also describes a more 

 complicated method with thionin and phosphotungstic or 

 phosphomolybdic acid. 



MOLL (Centralb. PhysioL, xiii, 1899, p. 225) stains embry- 

 onic cartilage for six to twenty-four hours in orcein 0*5 gr., 

 alcohol 40, water 20, hydrochloric acid 20 drops, and mounts in 

 balsam. Matrix blue, nuclei red. 



KALLIUS (Anat. Hefte, xxx, 1905, p. 9) stains first with 

 borax carmine or alum-carmine, then (sections) for ten minutes 

 in saturated solution of thionin, and washes out with alcohol 

 of 70 per cent. Said to be specific for embryonic cartilage. 



VASTARINI-CEESI (Att. Accad. med.-chir. Napoli, 1907, p. 4) 

 stains sections of embryonic cartilage with borax carmine, 

 then with muchsematein (alcoholic solution without acid), and 

 then with orange Gr. in alcohol. 



BAYERL'S method for ossifying cartilage (Arch. mik. Anat., 

 1885, p. 35) : Portions of ossified cartilage are decalcified 

 as directed 563, cut in paraffin, stained in Merkel's carmine 

 and indigo-carmine mixture, and mounted in balsam. 



MAYER (Grundziige, LEE & MAYER, 1910, p. 393) prefers to 

 all these resorcin fuchsin, 697, the precipitate being freed 

 from iron chloride by washing before dissolving in the 

 alcohol. 



Aqueous solution of benzoazurin lias been commended as a stain for 

 ossifying cartilage by ZSCHOKKE, see Zeit. wiss. Mik., x, 1893, p. 381. 



A process of BAUMGARTEN'S has been given, 388. 



MOERNER (Skandinavisches Arch. Physiol, i, 1889, p. 216 ; Zeit. wiss. 

 Mik., vi, 1889, p. 508) gives several stains for traclieal cartilage, chiefly 

 as microchemical tests, for which see third edition. 



See also a critique of these methods by WOLTERS in Arch. mik. Anat. 

 xxxvii, 1891, p. 492 ; and on the whole subject of cartilage see SCHIEF- 

 FERDECKER'S Gewebelehre, p. 331. 



