384 CHAPTER XXXT. 



GENERAL STAINS. 



746. Carmines. Ammonia-carmine is good for general views. 

 Stain very slowly in extremely dilute solutions. Bichromate 

 material ought to be brought direct into the stain without 

 passing through alcohol (see 51). 



Picro-carmiue has much the same action, but gives a 

 better demonstration of non-nervous elements. 



I prefer carmalum, with formol material, as giving a more 

 delicate stain. I find it better than paracarmine. 



Kecent authors recommend soda-carmine. The Encycl. 

 mik. Technik., p. 927,, advises staining Miiller material for a 

 couple of days in a 2 per cent, solution of carminate of soda 

 (Griibler's). 



BORAX-CARMINE, with indigo-carmine or an anilin blue to follow, 

 gives elegant but not very instructive images, and I have abandoned it. 



See also SCHMAUS (Miinch. med Wochenschr., 1891, No. 8; Zeit. wis*. 

 Mik., viii, 1891, p. 230) ; UPSON (Neuroloy. Centmlb., 1888, p. 319 ; Zeit. 

 wiss. Mik., v, 1888, p. 525) ; FREEBORN (Amer. Man. Mic. Journ., 1888, 

 p. 231; Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc., 1889, p. 305) ; KADYI, Neurol. Ctntralb., 

 xx, 1901, p. 687 ; Zeit. iviss. Mik., xviii, 1902, p. 483) ; CHILESOTTI (ibid, 

 xix, 1902, p. 161, and xx. 1903, p. 87); KAPPERS and KETJEN (ibid. 

 xxviii, 1911, p. 275) (Weigert material after-stained with paracarmine). 



747. Anilin blue-black has been much recommended by SANKEY 

 (Quart. Jouni. Mic. Sci., 1876, p. 69); BEVAN LEWIS (Human Brain, 

 p. 125) ; YEJAS (Arch. f. Psychiatric, xvi, p. 200) ; GIERKE (Zeit. wiss. 

 Mik., 1884, p. 376) ; MARTINOTTI (ibid., p. 478) ; JELGERSMA (Zeit. wiss. 

 mik., 1886, p. 39) ; SCHMAUS (Munch, med. Wochenschr., No. 8, 1891. 

 p. 147 ; Ze.it. wiss. Mile., viii, 1891, p. 230), and others. As to this colour 

 see 329, and for details see previous editions. 



748. Nigrosin has given useful results in some hands. I 

 have not succeeded, probably because the dye is of inconstant 

 composition, and does not keep well. 



749. Picronigrosin. MARTINOTTI (loc. cit., 1884, p. 478) 

 stains for two or three hours or days in a saturated solution 

 of nigrosin in saturated solution of picric acid in alcohol, and 

 washes out in a mixture of 1 part of formic acid with 2 parts 

 of alcohol. 



JOHNSTON (Morj>h Jahrb., xxxiv, 1905, p. 150) adds a 

 little Saurefuchsin to the mixture. 



750. KAISER (Zeit. wiss. Mik., vi, 1889, p. 471) stains sections of spinal 

 cord for a few hours in a solution of 1 pint of naphthylunim brown, 200 



