306 Non-I salable Races. 
PLANTS ANNUALS 
Sand-bed, 1 meter deep 161 21 % 
\ " " 226 50 " 
Garden-soil 131 98 " 
On the control bed the distances between the plants 
were somewhat greater, but as practically they did not 
touch one another on the sand bed this fact does not 
signify. 
The seeds employed in this experiment gave a larger 
proportion of annual specimens than did those of the 
previous one. The main result is that the proportion 
of plants which produce stems in their first year can be 
reduced to about one-half by cultivation in a bed with 
half a meter of sand, and to less than a quarter by culti- 
vating in a meter of sand. 
The results of the foregoing experiments prove that 
biennial species which possess, in a semi-latent state, the 
capacity to produce annual specimens, can be induced to 
manifest this anomaly to a much greater extent by sup- 
plying them with more food. Crowding of plants, sha- 
ding, lack of manure, or cultivation on sand, favor the 
production of biennials; but the more space, light and 
nourishment in the soil there is at the disposal of the 
individual plants the greater will be the number of those 
which will produce stems, flower and ripen their seed 
in their first summer. The stimulus of the winter or 
spring frosts, which in other cases induces the young 
plants to develop stems, is without effect here ; for under 
the described conditions even seeds sown in the middle 
of May in the open ground may give rise almost exclu- 
sively to annual plants. 
Continued selection, however, fails either to fix the 
biennial races and to free them of annual specimens, or 
to free the annual races of biennial individuals. 
