I. TRICOTYLOUS RACES. 
i. THE OCCURRENCE OF TRICOTYLS AS HALF RACES 
AND INTERMEDIATE RACES. 
In the chapter on latent and semi-latent characters in 
the first part of this volume, I have discussed the differ- 
ence between half races and intermediate races. It is 
not in the possession of certain elementary characters 
that they differ one from another; in this respect they 
are identical. They possess exactly the same characters 
and in the same numbers. That feature, however, which 
constitutes the point of difference, is semi-latent in the 
half race, that is to say manifests itself only rarely and 
in occasional individuals, one in every thousand for in- 
stance. In the intermediate race, on the other hand, it 
is active and equivalent to the character to which in the 
half race it is, as it were, subordinate. Considered with 
regard to the features which distinguish them, both races, 
therefore, possess two elementary characters, which, how- 
ever, cannot be expressed simultaneously in the same 
organ but are mutually exclusive. 
In an ideal intermediate race, these two antagonistic 
characters would be of exactly equal value ; that is to 
say, half of the individuals would exhibit the one, and 
the other half the other character. Whether such ideal 
races actually exist in nature is an open question, since 
as a rule one of the two characters is more or less easilv 
