The Inheritance of Fasciations. 499 
a greater breadth than about 2.5 centimeters; but in large 
cultures there were sometimes as many as 60 or 70 c /c of 
such broadened shoots. When grown as a biennial, how- 
ever, the hearts of the rosettes gradually expand in the 
first autumn or during the winter, and from these, stems 
are produced which sometimes attain a very considerable 
breadth. Thus, for instance, in the summer of 1895 I 
measured some of from 3-6 centimeters. Picris hiera- 
cioides seldom produces fasciations in the first year, and 
when it does they are not broad ; whilst the stems pro- 
duced in the second year from the broadened rosettes of 
m> 
radical leaves ordinarily afford some of the finest in- 
* 
stances of this anomaly. 1 
Just as the age of the various individuals of a culture 
has a great effect on the production and development 
of the fasciations, so also has the time of the year at which 
the seed is sown. Many biennial or perennial plants 
which quickly manifest the character of the race when 
sown early, remain apparently normal if the sowing was 
made late, and they cannot grow out to sufficient strength 
before winter. My fasciated races of Crcpis bicnnis and 
Taraxacum officlnale are very instructive in this connec- 
tion. Sowings of Crepis, made in April and May, gave 
from 30-40% of fasciated individuals. Sowings made 
at the end of July produced 20% only, and those made in 
September none at all. Similarly, Taraxacum officlnale, 
when sown in spring, produced 13 to 27% of fasciations, 
whilst a sowing made in August did not produce even 
so much as a single flattened flower-stalk. 
1 Sur la culture dcs monstruo sites, Compt. rend., Paris, Jan. 1899; 
Sur la culture dcs fasciations dcs especcs annuelles et bisanuuclles, 
Revue gen. d. Bot, 1899, Vol. XI, p. 136; and Ucbcr die Abhdngig- 
kcit dcr Fasciation vom Alter bci zweij'dhrigen Pflanzen, Botanisches 
Centralblatt, 1899, Vol. LXXVII. 
