540 
Heritable Spiral Torsions. 
from seeds gathered from twisted stems was very small, 
and in Rubia tinctorum, of which I have had several 
beautiful instances of spiral torsions from the fields in 
Holland, they are never by any means common, although 
Fig. 128. Agrostemma Githago. The calyx is open at one 
side and fused with the uppermost pair of leaves and 
transformed into a spiral. Culture of 1896. 
they occur nearly every year. 1 In Agrostemma Githago 
I have often observed torsions in a race which I have 
cultivated during ten generations since 1888, but always 
1 Ecnigc gcvallcn van Klemdraai by de Meekrap (Rubia tinc- 
torum}. Botan. Jaarb. Gent, 1891, p. 74 and Plate IV. 
