642 Vehicles of the Hereditary Characters. 
acters are located in the nucleus, and that in cell-division 
they are transmitted from one cell-generation to the next. 
In the nuclei, however, most of the pangenes are inactive. 
To become active they must leave them or at least their 
framework and take up a position in the surrounding 
parts of the cell-body. A detailed consideration of the 
life phenomena of the cell has led me to the conclusion 
that it is indispensable to assume that the influence of 
the nucleus on the vital processes is a material one and 
that it will be found, on closer examination, that even the 
dynamic and enzymatic theories of this operation cannot 
make superfluous the hypothesis, that pangenes form 
the real substance of all protoplasm (he. cit., p. 202, 
204). 
The recent investigations by GERASSIMOW on cells of 
Spirogyra without nuclei or with two nuclei 1 stronglv 
support this view, and from the zoo-physiological side 
DRIESCH and HANSEMANN have expressed themselves 
similarly. 2 
In the idioplasm of the nucleus the pangenes multiply 
by division. A part of those which have been formed re- 
mains in position and furnishes the vehicles of the hered- 
itary characters for the next cell division. The other 
part, however, emerges from the nucleus and becomes 
active in the cytoplasm. Here they multiply so as to 
contribute considerably to the material out of which the 
several organs of the cell are built up, such as the 
chromatophores, the outer layer of the protoplasts, the 
walls of the vacuoles, etc. In this way they impose their 
1 J. J. GERASSTMOW, Bull Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 1901, Nos. i 
and 2; Zcitschrift f. allg. Physiologic, I, 3, 1902, p. 220; see also the 
literature cited there. 
2 H. DRIESCH, Analytische Thcoric dcr orgaiuschcn Entwtckelung, 
1895; D. HANSEMANN in Virchow's Archlv, Vol. CXIX, p. 315. 
