70 The Different Modes of Origin of new Species. 
I shall supplement the examples named with a few more ; 
they serve to show how general this parallelism between 
anomalies and specific characters is. Thus, for example, 
Polygonum viviparum and Agave vivipara bear adven- 
titious buds or bulbils normally in the inflorescences ; 
but I found them also as an anomaly in Aloe vcrrncosa 
and Sa.vifraga nmbrosa. A spiral involution is normally 
exhibited by the flowerstalks of Vallisneria and Cyclamen, 
and it occurs as a variety in the stalks of Juncus spiralis, 
and as an anomaly in Scirpns lacnstris of which latter 
a beautiful instance came under my notice. Hypocotyl- 
ous buds are, for example, normally present in Linaria 
and Limiin ; they occur as an anomaly in Siegesbeckia 1 
according to BRAUN, and I have also observed them in 
Phaseolns multiflorus. The numerous flowerbuds on the 
leaf stalk of Cucumis sath'iis as described by CASPARY 2 
are analogous to the buds scattered on the internodes of 
Begonia phyllonianiaca. The bulbs of Gladiolus carry 
their lateral conns on stalks; I observed the same mode 
of connection as an anomaly in Hyacinthus oriental is. 
MASTERS has collected a series of teratological cases 3 of 
buds on leaves, which may be regarded as parallel to the 
normal instance of the same phenomenon furnished by 
Bryophyllum. 
We see therefore that a large number of specific 
characters are analogous to taxinomous anomalies. The 
latter recur in related forms, but much more frequently 
in more or less remote groups. In so far as they are 
due to a common cause, they point to the widespread 
1 A. RRAUN, Verh. d. hot. Vcreins Brandcnb., XII, 1870, p. 151. 
2 CASPARY, Ueber Bliithensprosse auf Slattern, Schriften d. phys 
Gesellsch., Konigsberg, 1874, p. 99 and Table II. 
3 MASTERS, Vegetable Teratology, p. 170. 
