Examples of Constant Races. 85 
few years have elapsed. In the course of the first sum- 
mer 3975 seeds germinated, during the second 1082, 
during the third 88, and during the fourth 90. All the 
5235 seedlings thus raised were green without a trace of 
the red pigment, and belonged therefore to the T. crys- 
tal Una. In this case, therefore, the seeds which germinate 
late are just as constant as those which germinate early. 1 
In other cases where the constancy is just as complete 
but happens to be less well known, the sorts in question 
are "only" regarded as varieties. Some of these forms 
even seem to be wholly unknown in botanical circles, 2 as 
for instance, Silcnc Armcria rosca whose color is inter- 
mediate between that of the species and that of the white 
variety and which is not a hybrid but an old established 
perfectly constant sort and just as "good" as the other 
two. In 1898 I had about 4000 plants raised from the 
seed of isolated plants of 1897 of the Var. fiorc roseo in 
flower; they were all of the same color as the parent 
plants. The same result was obtained on a smaller scale 
in subsequent years. Clarkia pulchella carnca behaved 
in the same way (50 specimens). I also found the pale 
flowered Agrostemma Githago nicaccnsis constant (for 
10 years), and Hyoscyamus (niger) pallid us (40 spec.) 
and Agrostemma coronaria bicolor (349 spec.). Further 
examples of the same phenomenon are afforded by the 
yellow Chrysanthemum coronarium, the varieties of the 
flax with white and with yellow seeds, many varieties 
without the dark patches at the base of the petals, which 
are characteristic of the species, as in Papaver soinni- 
fermn Danebrog, Papaver conimutatuni, Madia elegans 
(Fig. 10) and others. 
1 This is not the case with Trifolium incarnatum quadrifolium 
(See 22). 
2 See Bot. Zeitung, 1900, p. 234. 
