Variegated Leaves. 267 
cation of something new but as a reminiscence of times 
long past when these varieties were in general favor. 
Variegation is classified under several headings. In 
the first place there are the yellow and the white varieties. 
In the former the chlorophyll is only insufficiently pro- 
duced, but in the latter even the xanthophyll or carotin 
is lacking; 1 and a more or less abortive development of 
the chloroplasts is usually correlated with the absence 
of these pigments. 2 
Further we distinguish marginate, flecked and striped 
sorts. The former seem to constitute a variety for them- 
selves and are much rarer than the latter; they appear to 
be good races, that is, to be as constant as any ordinary 
garden variety, but I shall have little to say about them 
in this part. The most characteristic and best known 
example of them is the white bordered holly to which 
we have alreadv referred. 3 
/ 
Whether a plant is flecked or striped depends as a 
rule on the mode of venation of the leaves. Many varie- 
gated monocotyledons have striped leaves (Agave, Con- 
vaUaria majalis, Phormium tenax, Tradescantia repens, 
etc.) whereas the dicotyledons are usually flecked or 
streaked. 
The incomplete development of the chlorophyll ob- 
1 See T. TAMMES, Ueber Carotin, Flora, 1900. 
2 For further information on this point see the elaborate ana- 
tomical studies of A. ZIMMERMANN, Ucber die Chromatophoren in 
panachirten Slattern, in Beitrage zur Morphologic und Physiologic 
der Pflanzenzelle, Heft II, 1891, pp. 81-111, and Ber. d. d. hot. Ges. 
VIII, 1890, p. 95. Also H. TIMPE, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der 
Panachirung, Inaug.-Diss., Gottingen, 1900. 
5 Marginate forms are commonly supposed by gardeners to be 
more stable than flecked ones. This fact was noted by MORREN in 1865. 
(Heredite de la panachure, Bull. Acad. roy. Belg., T. XIX. 2d series, 
p. 225). VERLOT however maintains the opposite opinion (Des Varie- 
tes, 1865, p. 74). For information relating to variegated varieties of 
Ilex see FOCKE, Abh. d. Naturw. Ver. zu Bremen, Vol. V, pp. 401-404. 
