Tricotyly and the Arrantjeinenl of Lea-res. 367 

the lower whorls, or continue in all of them. In the first 
case the transition between the two arrangements is often 
effected by intermediate stages, such as cleft leaves. 1 
Other disturbances of the disposition of the leaves also 
can follow on tricotyly, amongst the most important of 
which are twisted and fasciated stems as well as the pro- 
duction of so-called terminal leaves. In the following 
paragraphs I shall describe some of the most important 
of these various phenomena which have occurred fre- 
quently, and in many cases almost regularly, in my ex- 
periments. 2 
It seems desirable to state beforehand that the anom- 
alies in question exhibit an obvious genetic connection 
with the splitting or duplication of the cotyledons, al- 
though this relation needs closer investigation. Other 
malformations of structure no doubt are also met with 
amongst tricotylous individuals (for instance, variegated 
leaves, prolification of flowers and flowerheads), but not 
more abundantly than elsewhere. Moreover it is by no 
means a rule that in all species the same anomalies should 
occur amongst tricotyls. It appears, on the contrary, 
that certain species, (or at any rate, certain commercial 
races of them), have a marked preference for definite ab- 
normalities, since both torsions and fasciations appear 
relatively abundantly amongst certain species, but rarely 
amongst others. In the same way subterminal leaves 
have hitherto been observed in quite a limited number of 
instances only. 
On this relation between tricotyly and abnormalities 
in the disposition of the subsequent leaves I have based 
1 DELPINO, Tcoria dclla FUlotassi. 
2 Further facts will be found in Eiue Mcthodc, Zzvangsdrehungen 
aufsusuchen, Ber. d. cl. hot. Ges., 1894, Vol. XIT, p. 25. 
