492 The Inconstancy of Fascia ted Races. 
below the ear may be split and produce two ordinary 
ears side by side. Amongst other plants also forkings 
of this kind are by no means rare, but as a rule they 
occur associated with typical fasciations. 
The latter are of the same breadth from below, that 
is to say in the strict sense ribbon-shaped, or they begin 
with a cylindrical form below, and gradually flatten out 
towards the top. The latter case is the normal one ; from 
it the former has been derived. This may occur either on 
an axis of two or more years of age, or on the lateral 
branches of stems which are themselves fasciated. Axes 
of two or more years of age begin by being circular in 
transverse section, and can, in the same summer, obtain 
a maximum breadth which they then retain in later years. 
This is observed especially in stems which arise from a 
rosette of radical leaves developed in the preceding year 
(Crepis bicnnis, Aster Tripoliuni, Picris hicracioidcs, Pri- 
mula japomca, Ranunculus bulbosus [Fig. 105] etc.). 
In trees and shrubs and especially in nrs (Abies excclsa) 
a fasciation that has once appeared, frequently reappears 
for several years in succession. 1 The lateral branches 
of fasciated axes often have an expanded base and then 
grow on without further increase in breadth. 
Like the base of a lateral twig, a leaf on a fasciation 
can undergo expansion in its youth. In this way there 
arise broader, more or less deeply split, leaves, not infre- 
quently even with similarly expanded or split axillary 
twigs (Fig. 106) ; or again the germs may be split and 
parted quite early, and two or more leaves arise in this 
way instead of a single one. Especially when the leaves 
1 C. DE CANDOLLE, Fasciation chez un Sapin, Archiv. Sc. phys. et 
nat, 1889, Vol. XXI, p. 95, PI. TI ; and Over dc erfelykhcid der 
fasciaticn, Botan. Jaarboek, 1894, PI. XI. 
