542 Heritable Spiral Torsions. 
ities in this arrangement certainly occurred, such as 
split leaves, trifoliate upper whorls, fusion of two pairs 
of leaves by a so-called line of tearing extending over 
the internode, a phenomenon which shows that the leaves 
in their early stages were fused in a spiral manner instead 
of in whorls. Besides these, there were eight plants, i. e., 
about 2%, which had a distinct local torsion at one of 
the upper nodes of the same development as in the parent 
plant. Their leaf spiral involved from 3-6 leaves. Only 
these plants were allowed to flower, and there was no 
other Dipsacns laciniatits in the garden. Five of them 
produced a sufficient quantity of seed. 
The second generation of this culture occupied the 
years 1888 and 1889 and consisted of 435 plants which 
produced stems and were allowed considerably more 
space than their predecessors, 12 specimens being grown 
to each square meter. Nevertheless the result was the 
same as in the foregoing generation. All the plants 
formed erect and tall but straight stems, from 2-2% 
meters high. Amongst them there were five specimens 
which had a somewhat larger local twisted part than 
occurred in the preceding generation, inasmuch as in 
these cases from 7-12 leaves were combined into an un- 
interrupted spiral. They arose from three of the five 
parents. Less pronounced torsions (at the nodes) which 
affected from 2-3 or rarely from 4-6 leaves, occurred 
fairly commonly in this year. I counted the percentages 
of 5, 5, 13, 13, and 28% of such individuals per parent. 
A general advance had therefore taken place, brought 
about partly by selection and partly by the ample room 
given to the plants ; but whilst the isolation of twisted 
specimens of Dipsacns syhestris torsns resulted imme- 
diately in a proportion of 34% of fine, almost complete 
