151 



Next, come the Myrtiflorse. We linve thus far refeiTed to the relation 

 wlu'ch this series bears to the Ranales, Resales, Parietales, and Geraniales. 

 Further, the connection of the Myrtaflorse with the Umbelliflorae is shown in 

 the araliaceous genera 15 with numerous anthers and carpels. The position of 

 the series should, therefore, be dynamic. 



Finally, at the end of the Archichlamydese comes the Urnbelliflorae. Their 

 relations to the Sautalales, Parietales, Resales, Myrtiflor8e, Rhaninales have been 

 discussed under each heading. Fnrther connection is to be found in the 

 Rubiales, as can be seen in a comparison of the Araliaceae with the Adoxaceee" ; 

 and of the UmbellifersB with the Rubiacene 85 , in having 5-stamens in one 

 whorl, in the 2-celled inferior ovary, and especially in the fruit of the 

 Psychotriese and the Psederiene (JussiEU, C. DE CANDOLLE). According to 

 different views, the Umbelliflorse are related all the way from the Santalales up 

 to the Ptubiales. Thus their position should be a dynamic one. 



Now, we arrive at the other subclass Metachlamydeae, concerning which 

 ENGLER says :- 



Beziiglich der Sympetalen sind schon mehrfack Zweifel daran geaufiert worden, 

 dass dieselben monophyletiscli seien ; das ist anch geviss nioht der Fall ; aber ebenso 

 sicher ist anch, dass die B,eiken der Sympetalen nicht gewissermagen als Fortsetzung 



der Reihen der Archich',amy<Jecr anzuseken sind Die Unterklasse der 



Metachlamydece oder Sympetalce timfasst also solclie Familien, bei denen das gemein- 

 same vereinte Emporwachsen der Blumenblattanlagen die Kegel geworden ist. 



The Metachlamydeae are, therefore, a complex of families which agree only in 

 having the gamophyllous corolla, but differ from one another in other 

 characters. Consequently, when grouped according to a criterion other than 

 the gamophyllous corolla, some of the Metachlamydeaj should be united with 

 some of the Archichlarnydeae, and as a result, we have quite different groups 

 in the place of the two subclasses named. The natural relation is really and 

 solely made comprehensible by such an alteration of grouping ; but never in 

 the artificial (though so-called natural) static system, which does not admit 

 of the co-existence of any another system. 



As to the position of the Ericales' 3) and Priniulales 6) , ENGLER says : 



1) ENGLKE, A. 1. c. p. 369. 2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IV. 4, p. 171. 



3) 1. c. IV. 4, p. 13. 4) ENGLER, A. Erliiuterungen, 1. c. p. 369. 



5), 6) ENGLER, A. 1. c, p. 369. 



