177 



the families to be represented in it should be somewhat comparable to reflec- 

 tions on two mirrors showing images of objects lying between the mirrors 

 placed at an acute angle, while the families In the present system are com- 

 parable to images on two mirrors placed at an obtuse angle 1 \ Consequently, the 

 ideal system showing all the relations of every two or every group of more than 

 two of all the families, separately as well as jointly, successively as well as simul- 

 taneously, is something like a net of infinite extent with innumerable millions of 

 crystal beads, each on a mesh of a different colour, and each reflecting the 

 images of other beads, according to the illustration used above, (c. f. p. 104.) 

 Now, I come to an explanation of the system in particular. As the 

 dynamic relations of the series have been full}- discussed under the review of 

 ENGLEK'S principles and his system in the foregoing pages, I shall here limit 

 my explanation to the relations of the families. In so doing, however, in order 

 to prevent needless repetition, the explanation of the relations of each two 

 families or the literature bearing on the same subject is given in almost all 

 cases only once, either under the heading of one of the latter two families, or 

 under that of the series to which one of the latter two belongs. For example, 

 the relation of families A-B, when it has been referred to or explained 

 under family A, is omitted under family B. When the reader finds the latter 

 is the case, as he is regarding family B in the explanation of the dynamic 

 system, and desires to know the explanation of the relation of the families 

 A-B, he is requested to refer to the heading of family A, using the index 

 given at the end of this paper, and examine the explanations under the latter 

 family where he will find the information desired or reference to it. 



Subdivision ANGIOSPERM-ffi 



Class MONOCOTYLEDONE^E 



Series I. Panda ualcs 



1 TyphaceaB " } : These are related to the Sparganiacete in the axillary 

 inflorescence and in the distichous leaves. At the same time, they show some 

 resemblance to the Pandanaceae in the structure of the male flowers. 



1) Images of an object on two mirrors placed at an obtuse angle are two, while those on two 

 mirrors at an acute angle become four, five, six, . . . . , as the angle diminishes. 



2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IT. 1, p. 185 ; GE^BNEK, P. Typhacere, in das Pflanzenreich IV. 8, pp. 6-7. 



