200 



168 HippocastanaC88e ' "Very near to the Sapindacese and Aceraceae. 



169 Sapindacese 2) - Close to the Hippocastanacese arid Aceraceae. 

 Further, this family is related oil one hand to the Meliaceae, and on the other 

 to the Anacardiaceae. Its affinity with the Meliaceae is to be foiuid in the habit 

 and anatomy, especially in the secretory cells ; to' the Anacardiaceae, in the 

 habit, and in the apotropous ovules. Through the Anacardiaceae, it is connected 

 with the Burseracea? ; through the Meliaceae, it is allied to the Simarubacese 

 and Rutacese. Further, it is sometimes compared with the Malpighiacese in 

 its winged fruit ; also to the Melianthaceae and Staphyleaceae by the same 

 fruit character. 



170 Sabiaceae 3) : In the exalbuminous seeds, the curved embiyos, the 

 reniform fruit, and the nearly apocarpous ovaries, the Sabiaceae are compared 

 with the Menispermacese by BLUME, MIEES, and HOOKER et THOMSON. 

 But BENTHAM-HOOKER put them close to the Auacardiaceae and Sabiaceae. 



171 Melianthaceae 4) : Closely related to the Sapindaceae, as is seen in the 

 agreement of Bersama and Melianthus, in the zygomorphous flowers, in the one- 

 sided extra-stamina! discus, in the abortion of some corolla-lobes and stamens, 

 and in the apotropous ovules ; also to the Staphyleaceae, in the seeds with copious 

 albumen, in the straight embryo and in the absence of the continuous scle- 

 renchyniatous ring. The Balsamiuaceae present some relation with this family 

 in the median symmetry of their flowers, in the spur-like form of one of the 

 sepals and in the deposits of potassium oxalate. RADLKOFER refers to the rela- 

 tion of the Zygophyllaceae and the Melianthaceae, as he finds potassium oxalate 

 in Bersama and MelicmtJms, which occurs in the same form as in the Zygophylla- 

 ceae, HARVEY and BAILLOX, however, compare the family with the Saxifragaceae. 



172 Balsaminaceae' : The only reason for this family being referred to 

 the Sapiudales is the position of the micropyles and raphes. On the other 

 hand, in general characters, it is closely related to the families of the Gera- 

 nials, ' such as the Malpighiaceae, Trigoniacea, Yochysiaceae and Tropaeolaceae. 

 Whether it should be assigned to the Sapiudales or to the Geraniales depends 



1) 1. c. HI. 5, p. 275. 2) 1. c. III. 5, p. 298. 



3) Nat. Pfl.-farn. III. -5, p. 369. 4) 1. c. TIL 5, p. 378. 



5) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 5, p. 388. 



