80 



which have comparatively fewer latent genes and more apparent genes. " Un- 

 Tollkomrneuere " and " vollkoiumenere " are both in co-ordination, the former 

 cannot be considered to be inferior to the latter. The same idea is expressed 

 also in the following quotation, though, as is explained by COHN, it actually 

 means that even a single plant is in reality not an individuum, but is truly 

 a collective being consisting of a stem, roots, leaves and many other parts. 



Freuet Euch des wahren Scheins, 

 Eucli des ernsten Spieles, 

 Kein Lebendiges 1st Eins, 

 Iniiner ist's ein Viele.s." 



GOETHE'S idea also to some extent approaches the doctrine of TESDAI"* 

 wliich in viewing sentient beings does not look at them as characters of on,) 

 quality, but beholds them as a collection of different qualities (or factorse 

 wliich are sometimes latent and at other times apparent, according to the 

 circumstances conditioning the inevitable causal nexus 



GOETHE expressed another idea in the following lines. 



Soviel nber konnen \vir sagen, daS die aus einer kaum zu sondernden Yerwandt- . 

 schaft als Pflanzen und Tiere nach und nach hervortretenden Geschopfe mch z\vei 

 entgegengesetzten Seiten sich vervollkominnen, so daS die Pflanze sich zuletzt im Baum 

 dauernd und starr, das Tier im Menschen zur hechsten Beweglichkeit und Freiheit 

 sich verherrliclit. 



ILI the above quotation, " eiue kaum zu sondernde Verwandtschaft " should be 

 interpreted as the Flagellata*' which is, at present, supposed to be the starting 

 point of plants and animals in their phylogeuv. 



Here we see that some of his ideas imply that many species or organs 

 originate from one source and thence it results that the relations between 

 species or organs are explainable by the evolution theory. 33nt his more 

 mature thought, as we have seen before and shall see later on, does not 

 admit of a single origin for all organs or organic beings, but approaches a 

 view which finds origin in every thing. According to the latter view, there 

 were originally numerous things undergoing endless changes either in them- 

 selves or by combining with or separating from others, thus producing 

 numerous new forms ; they are new, it is true, but they are new only in form 



* Readers are requested to refer to TENDAI'S Doctrines of the Middle Path and Reality, 

 interpreted in English by Prof. MASAHARU ANEZAKI. 



** WETTSTEIN, R. R. Handbnch der Systematischen Botanik (1911) p. 54. 



