135 



understand the natural relations between the different series of the Dicotyledones, 

 each of the latter should be viewed in every possibly different light, and divided 

 and grouped according to every possible means. This is what I intend to 

 show in my dynamic system. 



As to the criteria for classifying the Archidamydese, ENGLER says as 

 follows : 



Fiir die Anordnting cler Keihen innerhalb der Archichlamydece sind vorzugsweise 

 die Ausbildtmg der Bliitenhiillen, der Bliitenachse und die Anordmvng der Bliiten- 

 phyllome mafigebend ; 



In a word, his system is one that shows here a partial relation between 

 family A and family B ; and there another partial relation between family B 

 and family D, mostly according to the criterion of flowers. Now, we shall 

 look at the matter series by series. 



Beginning with the Verticillata), ENGLEE places the series^ at the com- 

 mencement of the Dicotyledones. It is closely allied to the Guetales, as can be 

 seen in the agreement in the course of the vascular bundles in Ephcdra and 

 Oasuarincfi. The resemblance is still greater in the structure of stomata and 

 in the development of embryo. On the other hand, if chalazogamy which is 

 found in the Casuariuaceae, Juglandacese, Betulaceas and certain Urticaceae is 

 taken into consideration, the Verticillatsa seem to have some alliance with the 

 Jugiaudales and Fagales. Furthermore, the Verticillatcie seem to bear some 

 resemblance to the Fagales and in all probability to the Ericaceae 5 '. Its 

 natural position, therefore, is not a settled one, but should be a dynamic one.- 



As to the Piperales, our knowledge is not yet sufficient to decide the 

 relations between this series and others. 



Next, ENGLEB places the Salicales 1 * between the Piperales and the 

 Garryales ; but the view is, as far as my knowledge extends, entirely one- 

 sided. A close relation of tin's series and the Parietales is not to be 

 disputed, when we see, on comparing the Salicacese 7 - 1 and Taruaricaceae, their 



1) ENGLER, A. Erl:i\itertingen, 1. c. p. 362. 



2) ENGLER, A. Erliiuterungen, 1. c. p. 3f,2. 



3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Ill I, p. 18, and Naclit. III. p. 92. 



4) JEFFBEY E. C. The Anatomy of Woody Plants, (Chicago, 1917) p. 376. 



5) JEFFREY, E. C. 1. c. p. 385. 6) ENGLEB, A. Erliiuternngen, 1. c. p. 362. 

 7) Nat. Pfl.-fam. in. 1, p. 35. 



