137 



ous character, the solitary exalbuminous seeds, the dissimilar male and female' 

 flowers, especially the latter with reduced envelopes, the broad stigtnatic lobes 

 of the styles and the single coated ovules, in both Juglandacese and Juliania- 

 cese, ah 1 these point to their close relationship. In no less degree than to 

 the Julianiales, the present series bears likeness to the Sapiudales, as can be 

 seen in the agreement of the Juglandaceae and Anacardiacese , in the alternate, 

 exstipulate, imparipiunate leaves, in the resiniferous character, and in the 

 solitary exalbuminous seeds. The natural position of the Juglandales should, 

 therefore, be changed from this place in ENGLER'S system, far away to a place 

 close to the Auacardiacese, according to the law of natural relationship. 



Here ENGLER places the Batidales" in lu's syllabus. Their relation to 

 the Salicales has been discussed above. Some alliance may be noticed between 

 the Batidales and the Centrosperinse, in a comparison of the Batidacese with 

 Chenopodiacege' 5 . 



Next, follow the Julianiales in his syllabus. Their close relationship to 

 the Juglaudales has been referred to before. In no l^ss degree is affinity 

 shown towards the Sapiudales. The Julianiacese and Anacardiacese 55 representing 

 respectively the two series agree in the alternate exstipulate, imparipinuate 

 leaves, in the unisexual flowers with reduced envelopes, in the solitary ex- 

 albuminous seeds, in the singular funicular development, in the embryo, and 

 in the anatomical characters. In other respects, but in the same degree, they 

 are related to the Fagales''' J in the male inflorescence, in the male flowers and 

 pollens, in the several female flowers in a closed involucre, in the exalbuminous 

 seeds and in the cotyledons epigseous in germination. A place betw r een the 

 Fagales and Juglaudales or next to the Sapiudales would be equally suitable 

 and natural for the Julianiales. 



Then, comes the Fagales. The resemblance which tin's series bears to 

 the Verticillatae, Myricales, Salicales, Juglaudales and Juliauiales has been 

 indicated above. Furthermore, the Fagales have some affinity to the Urticales, 



1) HEMSLEY, W. B. On the Julianiacere, in I'hil. Trans. I.e. pp. 190-193. 



2) ENGLEB, A. SylMnis, 1. c. p. 161. 3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. HI. 1, a, p. 120. 



4) ENGLEB, A. Syllabus, 1. c. p. 161. 5) HEMSLEY, W. B. 1. c. pp. 190-193 . 



C) HEMSLEY, W. B. 1. c. 7) ENGLEB, A. Erliiuterungen, 1. c. p. 363. 



