141 



be entirely denied, as the Ebenacera in the riniose albumen and trinierous 

 flowers of Muba are connected with the Auonacere . Moreover, the resem- 

 blance of the Magnoliacase"'- 1 and Coniferte in their wood - anatomy seems to me 

 to suggest the existence of some relation between the Ranales and Conifers. 

 Further, the Ranales show some affinity to the Sapiudales, as can be seen 

 from the agreement of the Menisperniacese and Sabiacesff in the exalbuminous 

 seeds, curved embryo, reniforinecl fruits, and nearly apocarpous gyneceum. On 

 the other hand, their alliance to the Parietales is very close and intricate ; 

 the Rauunculacese are connected with the Dilleniacea3 4) in floral structure and 

 also with the Ochnacefe^ ; the Maguoliacese, with the Winteranacea3 < *' ) in the 

 inconstant number and spiral arrangement of the perianth-segments, in the 

 oil-cells in the corbex, medulla and leaves, and in the bordered pits in the 

 xylem-parenchyrna ; the Auonaceae, with the Aucistorocladacese ; ^ and finally 

 the Myristicacese, . wtih the Winteranace8e s) in the oil-cells and connate stamens, 

 and also with the Ancistrocladaceae. Furthermore, the Ranales bear some 

 relation to the Rhceadales, as we shall see in the conformity of the Nymphae- 

 aceae 9) and Papaveracefe in the laticiferous vessels, in the vascular bundles in 

 the medulla, and in the attachment of the seeds to the wall of the ovary ; in 

 that of the Berberidacere 10) and Papaveraceoe in the di- or tri-merous structure 

 of the flowers and in the seeds ; and finally, in that of the Auonace?e u:> and 

 Papaveraceae in the structure of the ovary. Moreover, the connection between 

 the Ranales and the Sarraceniales is to be found in the Nyrnphseaceae and 

 Sarraceniacere 1 '' 5 , both families showing perfect agreement in the position of 

 leaves of the stem, in the one-flowered scape, in the spiral arrangement of 

 the sepals, and in the numerous stamens. Tn no less degree, the present 

 series manifests its relationship to the Rosales, for the agreement of the 

 Ranimculaceae and Rosacese in their floral structure is undeniable ; the same 

 relation can be seen between the Calycanthaceae and the latter family 13 '. 



1) N.it. Pfl.-fam. IV. 1, p. 157. 2) WETTSTEIN, K. R. 1. c. p. 548. 



3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 5, p. 369. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 6, p. 108. 



5) WETTSTEIN, K. E. 1. c. p. 596. 6) Nat, Pfl.-fam. III. 6, p. 316. 



7) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIL 6, p. 276. 8) Nat. Pfl.-fam. HI. 6, p. 316. 



9) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 2, p. 3. 10) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IH 2, p. 74. 



11) Nat. Pfl.-fam. HI 2, p. 27. 12) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 2, p. 251. 



13) Nat. Pfl.-fam. HI.-3, p. 10. 



