112 



Moreover the Lauraceae i;) of the Ranales show a close affinity to the Thy- 

 melteaceaB iu the thoroughly circular arrangement of the floral elements in the 

 perigynous insertion of the stamens, and in the symcarpous gymeceuui. 



Next, come the Rhoeadales. Of this series, ENGLER speaks as follows" : 



Schon lange hat man (Tie Rhoeadales ger n an die Jiani'es angeschlossen, unrl 

 dies hat auch seine Berechtigung, da die PapauerucecK \vegen ihrer me j st zahlreichen 

 Staubbliitter tind ihres bisweilen noch aus mehreren, Avenn tmch vereinten Carpellen 

 gebildeten Gyniicetims Analogien mit den Nymphaiacea; zeigen, bei welchen ein syn- 



carpes Gymceum zn Stande kommt 'ehr groBe Ubereinstimnmng zeigen 



mit dieser Reihe die I'arietales, von denen namentlich die Liil riarea; an die J\cinal"S 

 anklingen, wahrend die FlacourtiacecK zu den Capparidaceai Teziehnngen ergeben. 



But, in my opinion, the real relation of the Rhceadales to other series extends 

 far more widely. Its affinity to the Centrospermtc and to the Rauales has 

 been discussed. Further, the Rhceadales bear some resemblance to the 

 Geraniales, the likeness being shown in the Kceberliniacea3' and RutaceiB in 

 the presence of oil-glands and in the other anatomical characters (BENTH.- 

 HOOKER). The same is true of the former family and the Simarubaceae (BENTH.- 

 HOOKER). On the other hand, a very close and rather intricate relation is 

 to be found between some families of the Rhoeadales and those of the 

 Parietales, namely : between the Papaveracese and the Loasacese 45 (DE CAN- 

 DOLLE) ; between the Capparidacere and the Flacourtiacefe fi:> or the Erythro- 

 spermese of the latter family ; between the Moriugacere r>) and the Violaceae 

 (HOOKER) ; between the Kceberliniacea3 7) and the Bixace* in their deciduous 

 sepals ; and between the former family and some others of the Parietales in 

 the placenta with numerous poly-seriate seeds (BENTH.-HOOKER). Moreover, 

 some connection between the Rhoeadales and the Sarraceniales is indicated in 

 the Papaveracaffi and Sarraceniaceee^. Furthermore, the agreement of the 

 Kceberliuiace?e^ and Saxifragacete (in the placenta with numerous poly-seriate 

 seeds), and that of the Moringacese 10 ' and Lagurninosfe show some relation 

 between the Rhoeadales and the Rosales (BENTHAM). And finally, this 



1) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Ill 2, p. 111. 



3) Nat. Pfi.-fara. III. 6, p. 321. 



5) 1. c. III. -6, a, p. 10. 



7) 1. c. III. 6, p. 321. 



9) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 6, p. 321. 



2) ENGLER, A. Erlautertmgen, 1. c. p. 365. 



4) Nat, Pfl.-fam. IIT.-6, a, p. 106. 



6) 1. c. HX-2, p. 213. 



8) 1. c. Ill 2, p. 251. 



10) 1. c. III. 2, p. 243. 



