178 



2 Pandanaceae : In floral structure, most closely allied to the Spar- 

 ganiaceae ; but in respect of the inflorescence, the connection is rather to be 

 found in the Araceae, Palinae and Cyclanthaceae. 



3 SparganiaceaB " 5 ' This family seems to bear some resemblance to the 

 Typhacepe ; but in some respects, it approaches the Pandanaceae rather than 

 the Typhaceae. Further, some points of similarity between the Sparganiaceae 

 and the Gramiueae are pointed out by CAMPBELL in his paper : " On the 

 siuiilailty of the development of the embryo in the Grarniueae and Spargania- 

 ceae." But, the resemblance of the latter two families is opposed by GR.EBNER 

 who insists upon of the incorporation of the Typhaceae, Pandanaceae, and 

 Sparganiaceae in the Pandanales. 35 



Series II. Helobicv 



4 Potamogetonaceas : So far as the inflorescence of this family is con- 

 cerned, its resemblance to the Araceae is recognizable. On the other hand, 

 with regard to the seeds and embryo, it is related to the Hydrocharitaceae and 

 Alisinataceae. 



5 Najadaceae 5) : A close relation to the Potamogetouaceas is found in 

 the large exalbumiuous seeds. In one respect, it is somewhat allied to the 

 Scheuchzeriaceae ; but in another, it bears some resemblance to the Cerato- 

 phyllaceae. As far as its general vegetative structures are concerned, Najas 

 strongly resembles several submerged genera of the Hydrocharitaceae with slender 

 branching stems, and crowded sessile leaves which are often finely toothed at 

 the margin. 63 



6 Aponogetonacese 7) ' Some genera of this family approach the Junca- 

 ginaceae, Potamogetonaceae and Alismataceae in having free carpels. 



7 ScheuchzeriaceaB^ ( = Juncagmaceae) : The intimate relationship of 

 this small family to the Alismataceae and to the Potamogetonaceae is incon- 

 testable. But the present family can not satisfactorily be included in either of 

 the latter two. 



1) 1. c. II. 1, 190, and II. 3, p. 98. 2) 1. c. II. 1, p. 193. 



3) Nat, Pfl.-fam. Nachtr. III. p. 8. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fain. II. 1, p. 201, and 223. 



5) Nat. Pfl.-fam. 1I.-1, p. 217, and III. 2, p. 12. 



6) EENDLE, A. B. Najadacere, in das Pflanzenreicli IV. 12. p. 6. 



7) 1. c. II. 1, 221. 8) 1. c. II. 1, p. 223. 



