190 



phaeaceae in the undetermined number of the stamens, in the separate carpels, 

 and in the spiral arrangement of floral elements, tins family is also near the 

 Berberidacese in the integmeuts of its ovules. Further, it comes quite close 

 to the Rosaceae. Moreover, very striking resemblance is to be found in the 

 AJismatacese and Ranunculaceoa in the floral structure. Finally the Ranuneu- 

 laceaa is somewhat related to the Leguminosae in the serum-reaction . 



91 Lardizabalaceae :) : This family is related to the Menispermaceae on 

 one hand, but on the other, to the Berberidaceae. To the former, it approaches 

 in the volubile habit, in the palmate leaves and in the diclinous flowers ; 

 and with the latter it agrees in the number of its floral elements. 



92 Berberidaceae : Near the Ranunculaceae on one hand; but on 

 the other, near the Papaveraceae and FumariaceEe ; also closely related to the 

 Lardizabalaceae. 



93 Menispermacese 4) ' This family is related to the Lardizabalaceae in 

 its floral structure, and in its climbing habit ; but on the other hand, it bears 

 some resemblance to the Sabiaceae, in the absence of albumen, in the curved 

 embryo, reniform fruit and apocarpous gynaeceum. The resemblance between 

 the Menispermaceoa and the Dioscoreaceae in the structure of their male flowers 

 is very striking. Still more remarkable is the coincidence of the Menispermacege 

 and the Euphorbiaceae as seen in the several genera of the two families 55 . 



94 Magnoliaceae G) : The absence of the vessels in the xyleni in some 

 genera (Drimys and Zygogynum) of the family, shows some connection with 

 the Couiferae and Trochodendraceae. But, the agreement in the spiral arrange- 

 ment of the floral elements, in the shape of the pollen grains, in the separate 

 carpels, in the oil-tube in the parenchyma, in the Maguoliaceae, Anouaceae 

 and Calycanthaceae, shows that the}* are closely related. 



95 Calycanthaceae 7) : This is certainly related to the Magnoliaceae and 

 Anonaceae, in the structure of the flowers and " Olgehalt." It also resembles 

 in some degree the Mouiiniaceae. 



96 Lactoridaceae v) ' This family is closely connected with the Magnolia- 



1) MEZ, C. and LAXGE, L. 1. c. 2) 1. c. III. 2, p. 69. 



3) 1. c. III. 2, p. 74. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 2, p. 82. 



5) DIELS, lj. Menispermacece, in das Pflanzenreich, IV. 94 p. 41. 



T>) 1. c. Ill 2, p. 15 and Naehtr. I. p. 158. 



7) 1. c. III. 2, p. 92. 8) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 2, p. 20. 



