123 



on the ground that the latter denote the attachment of members to this or 

 that group. In illustration he points out such characters as trichonie, the 

 subsidiary cells of stomata, and the presence of bicollateral bundles. But, all 

 these anatomical characters, clear and valid as they are, do not appear in 

 linkage relation with the floral remarks of families, some of the former 

 characters being presented in quite different families, as we shall see in the 

 accounts given in the foot note 1 '. Consequently, if we group plants according to 

 the criterion of anatomical characters, then we shall surely have quite different 

 families from those which we have at present, which are mostly established 

 according to the standard of floral structure. Just here, we see the great 

 difference between a system as viewed from the stand-point of anatomy and 

 the same as viewed in a consideration of the reproductive organs. True real 

 natural relations would be and ought to be found in this difference. A 

 natural system is, figuratively speaking, something like a system of simultaue- 



1) The following notes tire taken from SOLEREDER'S Systematic Anatomy Vol. II. pp. 1079-1167 



STOMATA HAVING NO SUBSIDIAKY CELLS AND CONFORMING TO THE CRUCIFEROUS OR RANUNCULACK- 

 ous TYPES are found in : Eanunculacere and others in the Kanales ; Papaveracere in the Rhreadales ; 

 Sarraceniacere in Sarracenials ; Violacere and others in the Parietales ; Polygalaceoe and others in 

 the Geraniales ; Caryophyllaceea and others in the Centrospermae ; Malvaceae and others in the 

 Malvalos ; Cdastracese and others in the Sapindales ; Ehamnacere and others in the Ehamnales ; 

 Leguminosrc and others in the Resales ; Droseracese in the Sarraceniales ; Myrtaceie and others 

 in the Myrtiflorse ; Cucurbitacerc in the Cucnrbitales ; Cornaceaj in the Umbelliflone ; Caprifoliacepe 

 in and others in the Rubiales ; Composite and others in the campanulatre ; Ericaceae and others in 

 the Ericales ; Plumbaginacea; in the Plumbaginales ; Primulacere and others in the Primulales ; 

 Ebenacese and others in the Ebenales ; Gentlanacere and others in the Contorts ; Borraginaceie and 

 others in the Tubiflorrc ; Amarantaceaa and others in the Centrospermro ; Polygonacere in the 

 Polygonales ; Nepenthacea; in the Sarraceniales ; Aristolochiacea? in the Aristolochiales ; Piperacese 

 and others in the Piperales ; Monimiacere and others in the Ranales ; Thymekeaceoi and others 

 in the Myrtiflone ; Santalacerc in the Santalales ; Balanopsidacerc in the Balanopsidales ; Ulmaceaa 

 and others in the Urticales ; Juglandaceaj in the Juglandales ; Myricacerc in the Myricales ; and 

 some of the Fagales. 



STOMATA WITH SUBSIDIARY CELLS, LYING PARALLEL TO THE PORE, occur in : Calycanthaceae, 

 Magnoh'aceae and others in the P.anales ; Violaceas and others in the Parietales ; Portulacacera in 

 the Centrospermre ; Linacea3 and others in the Geraniales ; Chailletiaceas ; Corynocarpace;e and 

 others in the Sapindales ; Leguminosre and Rosaces in the Rosales ; Cactacerc in the Opxmti- 

 ales ; Umbellifera3 and others in the Umbelliflorre ; Rubiacete and others in the Rubiales ; 

 Ericace.c and others in the Ericales ; Styracace.e in the Ebenales ; Apocynaceaj, Asclei>iadacea3 

 and others in the Contorts ; Convolvulacea?, Bignoniaceaj and others in the Tubiflonc ; Polygonaceoe 

 in the Polygonales ; Chloranthacete in the Piperales ; Proteaceas in the Proteales ; Loranthacere and 

 others in the Santalales ; Casxiarinacere in the VerticillataB ; and Salicacero in the Salicales. 



STOMATA WITH SUBSIDIARY CELLS, LYING TRANSVERSELY TO THE TORE, occur in: Caryophyllaceae 



