127 



Typcn clarstellen, welc.be friihz.-itig den Weg der Sympetnlie eingescblagen halxn. 

 Beacbtung venlient atich der Umstand, da'3 bei dem grofiten Teil der Sympetalen, 

 namentlicb denen der Ittzen Reiben, die Samenanlagen durchweg mit nur einem 

 Integument versehen sind, with rend bei den Arcbicblamydeae und den ersten Reiben 

 der Sympetalen mit einem Integument versebene Samenanlagen seltener sind. 



The above statement plainly shows that the relation of the Metachlaurydese 

 and Archichlamycteae is not static, but dynamic, as it changes in agreement 

 with the different points of view. Consequently, to group series into the two 

 classes, Archichlamydese and Metachlamydeae, is quite right ; only, the grouping 

 is in that respect limited. But, in another respect, it is not so. Some of the 

 Arcluchlamydeae are nearer to some of the Metachlamydere than they are to others 

 of the former class, in characters other than their choripetalous flowers. At the same 

 time, some of the Metachlamydese are much nearer to some of the Archichlamydese 

 than to some of the former class, in characters other than their gamopataloua nature. 

 The Dichapstalacase 13 (Geraniales), Salvadoraceae' (Sapiudales), Fouquieriacese 

 (Parietales), Passiflorace8e 4) (Parietales), Achariaceaa 6) (Parietales), Oleacese' 

 (Ebenales) and Rubiacesa (Rubiales) may be mentioned as illustrating the 

 above statements. The former families might properly be referred to the 

 respective series (as given in parentheses) of the Archichlamydeoe according to 

 one view ; but, at the same time, they might be properly assignable to the 

 respective series of the Metachlamydese ; thus, the Salvadoraceae to the Ebeuales, 

 the Fouquieriaceae to the Tubiflorse ; and the Passifloracese and Achariacese to 

 the Cucurbitales. The Oleacese and Rubiacese might be properly referred to the 

 respective series (as shown in the parentheses) of the Metachlanrydese according 

 to one view ; but, at the same time, they are just as properly assignable to 

 the Archichlamydese, e. g. the Oleacene to the Sapindales, and the Rubiacese 

 to the Umbellifloroe. Which-ever may be the case, it is ah 1 right in that way 

 of looking at it, but it is so only in that way. It certainly shows one of the 

 iiatm-al relations. But the real natural relations are only seen by viewing 

 their changeableness according to different criteria. That is to say natural 

 relations are only demonstrative in what I cah 1 the dynamic system. 



1) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III. 4, p. 347. 2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IV. 2, p. 18. 



3) 1. c. Naclit. III. p. 228, Nacbt, I. pp. 251 and 368. 



4) 1. c. III. -6, a, p. 78. 5) 1. c. Nacbt, I. p. 257. 

 6) 1. c. IV. -2, p. 4. 



