392 



NATURAL HISTORY OF ARTHROPODS. 



occur, however, in hot springs, and Hooker writes of a Himalayan species that was 

 found abundantly in springs which had a temperature of '112 F. Insects of this family 



respire, when under water, a supply of air which they 

 carry beneath their elytra, and which they renew, from 

 time to time, by coining to the surface, and resting 

 with the head hanging and the tip of the abdomen just 

 at the surface of the water. Some of them remain 

 submerged an hour and a half, before renewing- their 

 supply of air. The larger species of Dytiscida? often 

 attack small fishes. 



The larva? of the Dytiscidae, which are aquatic in 

 habits, and have free mouth-parts, five-jointed thoracic 

 legs, four-jointed antenna?, and six pairs of ocelli, are 

 especially noticeable because their mandibles are hol- 

 low, and are consequently adapted both for seizing 

 their prey and for sucking out its juices. The mouth 

 cavity between the mandibles is not, as is often as- 

 serted, entirely closed. The larva? respire by means of 

 two stigmata at the posterior end of the abdomen. 



Cybister has the suckers on the under side of the 

 tarsal disc alike, and arranged in four rows. (7. fim- 

 briolatus, from the eastern United States, is greenish black, margined with yellow, 

 and is about 1.25 inches long. In Dytiscus the suckers of the tarsal disc are of 

 different sizes, and the posterior stigmata are larger than in Cybister ; the species are 

 all large. D. fasciventris, a species about 1.1 inches long, is common in New England, 

 and D. verticalis, about 1.3 inches long, is not very rare in the same region. Both are 

 black, with yellow lateral margins of the prothorax and elytra. In Europe D. nmr- 

 ginalis, a species about the size of D. fasciventris, is the common one, and its larva? 

 attack young frogs, tritons, and fishes. 



The species of Acilius are of medium size, and have the posterior tarsi ciliate, the 

 claws of the same tarsi equal or nearly so. Many of the species have a yellowish band 

 across the posterior half of the elytra, and tranverse yellowish lines on the prothorax. 



Fiu. 4C8. Larva of Dytiscus. 



FlG. 469. Matus 

 bicarinatus. 



FIG. 470. Ithantus 

 notatus. 



FIG. 471. Ilybius 

 ater. 



FIG. 472. Copfotonms 

 interroyatus. 



The tarsal discs of the males are round. A. fraternus is very common in New Eng- 

 land. Its length is about 0.6 of an inch, and the black portions of its elytra have a 

 yellowish tinge, due to the black consisting of very dense punctures upon a yellow 

 surface. A. sulcatus is the common representative of this genus in Europe. 



In Rhantus the discs of the anterior tarsi of the males are oblong, and the elytra 

 smooth. Khantus notatus, a species about 0.4 of an inch long, is found in Europe 



