VEEBENACEAE. 365 



persistent, usually 4-5-lobecl or 4-5-cleft. Corolla regui'ar, or 2-lipped, 

 the tube usually cylindric and the limb 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4, didynamous, 

 rarely only 2, or as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla and 

 alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-eelled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. 

 Ovary superior, 2-4-celled (rarely S-10-celled), composed of 2 carpels, 

 each carpel with 2 anatropous or amphitropous ovules, thus in 4-celled 

 ovaries 1 ovule in each cavity; style terminal; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit dry, 

 separating at maturity into 2-4 nutlets, or a drupe containing the 2-4 

 nutlets. Endosperm little or none, or rarely fleshy; embryo straight. 

 About 75 genera and 1,300 species, of wide geographic distribution. 



A. Inflorescence centripetal, in spikes, heads or racemes. 

 Inflorescence spicate or capitate. 



Spikes terminal. 



Flowers partly buried in the rachis ; stamens 2. 1. Valerianoidcs. 



Flowers not buried in the rachis ; stamens 4. 



Calyx elongated, cylindric in fruit. 2. Bouchea. 



Calyx globular or ovoid in fruit. 3. Priva. 



Spikes axillary and terminal. 

 Rachis slender. 



Flowers scattered along the axis ; fruit dry, horned. 4. GJiinia. 

 Flowers densely or loosely capitate or spicate. 



Fruit dry. 5. Lippia. 



Fruit fleshy. 6. Lantana. 



Rachis thick ; flowers capitellate. 7. Nashia. 



Inflorescence racemose ; racemes peduncled. 



Drupe 2-pyrenous, 4-spermous ; stigma 2-lobed. 8. Cifha-rexylum. 



Drupe 4-pyrenous, 8-spermous ; stigma 4-lobed. 9. Durunta. 



B. Inflorescence centrifugal, cyntose. 

 Pyrenae separate. 



Cymes short-peduncled ; drupes 4-pyrenous. 10. Callicarpa. 



Cymes long-peduncled. 



Drupe 1-pyrenous, 4-locularis. 11. Petitia. 



Drupe 2-pyrenous, 2-locularis. 12. Pseudocarpidium. 



Pyrenae cohering in pairs. 



Cymes axillary, short-peduncled ; spiny shrub. 13. Volkameria. 



Cymes terminal; unarmed herbs or shrubs. 14. Clerodendrum. 



C. Inflorescence in pedunculate thyrsoid corymbs ; fruit cap- 



sular. 15. Avicennia. 



1. VALERIANOIDES [Boerh.] Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 177. 1789. 



Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, 

 toothed. Flowers spicate, solitary and sessile in the axils of bracts, or im- 

 bedded in excavations of the thick rachis. Calyx membranous or herbaceous, 

 its lobes 5, usually unchanged at maturity. Corolla-tube sometimes slightly 

 dilated above, the limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 2, included; anthers with 

 unappendaged connectives; stamiuodia 2, small. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules soli- 

 tary in each cavity. Fruit included in the calyx, separating into 2 nutlets. 

 [Signifies similarity to Valeriana, but this is obscure.] 'More than 40 species, 

 of tropical and subtropical America. Type species: Verbena jamaicensis L. 



Shrub; leaves apically serrate, punctate: spikes short, 6-15 cm. 1. V. fruticosa. 

 Herb; leaves serrate throughout, not punctate; spikes long, 12- 



45 cm. 2. V. jamaicensis. 



1. Valerianoides fruticosa Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 178. 1906. 



Stachytarpheta fruticosa B. L. Kobinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 51: 531. 1916. 



A glabrous shrub, 2 m. high or less, the branches slender, the twigs 4- 

 sided. Leaves lanceolate to oblong, ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, punctate, 

 4-8 cm. long, serrate above the middle, acute at the apex, narrowed at the 

 base into petioles 5-10 mm. long; spikes 5-15 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick; bracts 



