144 



01. AF (1ALL0K 



Caloplaca nivale Kocrb. 

 tetraspora Nyl. 

 vitellina Ehrh.) Th. Fr. 

 Catillaria cumulatu Sm. 



Jemtlundica Th. Fr. 

 Collema vcrrucaeforme L. 

 pulposum Bernh. 

 Coniocybe furfuracea L. 

 Gyalecta cupularis Khrh. 

 i'oveolaris Ach. 



Lecanora castanea (Hepp.) Th. Fr. 

 Hageni (Ach.) Koerb. 

 pallescens (L.) Schaer. 

 subfusca (L.) Ach. 

 tartarea L. 

 varia (Ehrh.) Nyl. 

 Lecidea alpestris Sm. 

 arctica Sm. 

 assimilata Nyl. 

 atrorufa Dicks. 

 Berengeriana Mass, 

 crassipes Th. Fr. 

 cuprea Sm. 

 decipiens Ehrh. 

 decolorans Hoffm. 

 elseochroma (Ach.) Th. Fr. 

 1'usca Schaer. 



Lecida granulosa (Ehrh.) Schaer. 

 limosa Ach. 

 lurida Sw. 

 neglecta Nyl. 

 rubiformis Wahlenbg. 

 ramulosa Th. Fr. 

 uliginosa Schrad. 

 vernalis (L. Ach. 

 Lepraria. 

 Lopadium f'uscoluteum Dicks. 



pezizoideum (Ach. Koerb. 

 Massalongia carnosa (Dicks.) Koerb. 

 Microglaena sphinctrinoides Nyl. 

 Pannaria brunnea Nyl. 

 lepidiota Sm. 



Pertusaria coriacea Th. Fr. 

 dactylina Ach. 

 oculata Dicks. 



Placynthium delicatulum Th. Fr. 

 Psoroma Hypnorum (Hoffm.) Ach. 

 Rinodina Conradi Koerb. 



mniaraea (Ach.) Th. Fr. 

 turfacea Wahlenbg. 

 Toninia squalida (Ach.) Nyl. 



syncomista (Flk.) 'Th. Fr. 

 vesicularis Hoffm. 



The Folia ceous earth- lie hens may be divided into at least 

 two groups, procumbent and erect. To the procumbent group be- 

 long, e. g. Peltigera (canina, horizontalis, venosa, aphtosa, lepidophora), 

 Solorina (crocea, saccata , bispora) , Physcia (pulverulenta v. mnsci- 

 ycna, stellaris), Dermatocarpon (hepaticum. du'dalenni, cinereum ). To 

 the erect group belong Cetraria (islandica, odontella, ciicullata, ni- 

 valis, glanca, lacnnosa) and some of the species of Collema and 

 Leptogium. It is possible that some of the species may be pro- 

 cumbent under certain circumstances, and erect under others. It is 

 clear that these species differ essentially as regards their competitive 

 capacity against other plants. The erect species must be regarded 

 as the best equipped in that respect, and are also those which are 

 most frequent and most numerous in nature. As is well-known the 

 Cetraria spp. are much more numerous than are any of the pro- 

 cumbent earth-lichens. 



The Procumbent foliaceous lichens grow cenlrifugally 

 from the centre of the plant, and are provided with scattered bundles 

 of rhixines on their under surface. The rhizines attach themselves 



