IV.] THE AFRICAN NEGRO : II. 99 



Umsilikatzi, father of Lobengulu, who perished in a hopeless 

 struggle with the English in 1894. Gungunhana, last of the 

 Swazi (Zulu) chiefs in Gazaland, was similarly dispossessed by 

 the Portuguese in 1896. 



North of the Zambesi the Zulu bands Mazitu, Maviti, 

 Mangoni (Angoni), and others nowhere developed large political 

 states except for a short time under the ubiquitous Mirambo in 

 Unyamweziland. But some, especially the Angoni 1 , were long 

 troublesome in the Nyassa district, and others about the Lower 

 Zambesi, where they are kno\vn to the Portuguese as " Landins." 

 The Angoni power was finally broken by the English early in 

 1898, and the reflux movement has now entirely subsided, and 

 cannot be revived, the disturbing elements having been extin- 

 guished at the fountain-head by the absorption of Zululand itself 

 in the British Colony of Natal (1895). 



Nowhere have patriarchal institutions been more highly 

 developed than among the Zulu-Xosas, all of 

 whom, except perhaps the Ama-Fingus and some Genealogies! 

 other broken groups, claim direct descent from 

 some eponymous hero or mythical founder of the tribe. Thus 

 in the national traditions Chaka was seventh in descent from a 

 legendary chief Zulu, from whom they take the name of Abantu 

 ba-Kwa-Zulu, that is " People of Zulu's Land," although the true 

 mother-tribe appear to have been the now extinct Ama-Ntombela. 

 Once the supremacy and prestige of Chaka's tribe was established, 

 all the others, as they were successively reduced, claimed also to 



1 Mr Robert Codrington tells us that these Angoni (Abangoni) spring from 

 a Zulu tribe which crossed the Zambesi about 1825, and established themselves 

 south-east of L. Tanganyika, but later migrated to the uplands west of 

 L. Nyassa, where they founded three petty states. Others went east of the 

 Livingstone range, and are here still known as Magwangwara. But all 

 became gradually assimilated to the surrounding populations. Intermarrying 

 with the women of the country they preserve their speech, dress, and usages 

 for the first generation in a slightly modified form, although the language of 

 daily intercourse is that of the mothers. Then this class becomes the aristo- 

 cracy of the whole nation, which henceforth comprises a great part of the 

 aborigines ruled by a privileged caste of Zulu origin, "perpetuated almost 

 entirely among themselves" (Central A ngo nil and, Geograph. Jour. May 1898, 

 p. 512). 



72 



