128 MAN: PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



even more cruel than the African Negro ; Australian and 

 Tasmanian : distinctly less excitable and intelligent, but also 



far less cruel, captives never tortured ; Negrito : active, 

 quick-witted or cunning within narrow limits, naturally 

 kind and gentle, 



Speech. Papuasian, Australian, and Tasmanian : 

 agglutinating with postfixes, many stock languages in West 

 Papuasia, apparently one only in East Papuasia (Mela- 

 nesia 11), and in Australia ; Negrito : scarcely known 

 except in An damans, where agglutination both by class 



prefixes and by postfixes has acquired a phenomenal de- 

 velopment. 



Religion. Everywhere except in East Papuasia (spirit- 

 worship, animism) almost absent, or at an extremely low 

 stage of evolution ; sacrificial rites and priestcraft, but not 

 witchcraft, entirely absent. 



Culture. Papuasian : slightly developed ; agriculture 

 somewhat advanced (N. Guinea, JV. Caledonia); consider- 

 able artistic taste and fancy shoivn in the wood-carving of 

 houses, canoes, outriggers, &c. All others at the lowest 

 hunting stage, without arts or industries of any kind ; the 

 Australian boomerang a possible exception. 

 Main Papuasian; i. Western Papuasians (true Papuans} : 



Divisions. 



nearly all the New Guinea natives ; Aru and other insular 

 groups thence westwards to Flores ; Torres Straits and 

 Louisiade Islands. 2. Eastern Papuasians : nearly all 

 the natives of Melanesia from Bismarck Archipelago to 

 New Caledonia, with mostofY\}\. 



Australians : hundreds of tribal groups, without any 

 characters sufficiently marked to constitute distinct ethnical 

 divisions anywhere. 



Negritoes: i. Andamanese Islanders. 2. Semangs, 

 Sakais and other scattered groups in the Malay Peninsula. 

 3. Aetas, surviving in most of the Philippine Islands. 



