248 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



Tunong of the uplands, a comparatively homogeneous Malayan 

 people, and the mixed Orang-Baruh of the lowlands, who are 

 described by Dr A. Lubbers 1 as taller than the average Malay 

 (5 feet 5 or 6 in.), also less round-headed (index 80-5), with 

 prominent nose, rather regular features, and muscular frames ; 

 but the complexion is darker than that of the Orang-Malayu, 

 a trait which has been attributed to a larger infusion of Dravidian 

 blood (Klings and Tamuls) from southern India. The charge 

 of cruelty and treachery brought against them by the Dutch may 

 be received with some reserve, such terms as " patriot " and 

 "rebel" being interchangeable according to the standpoints from 

 which they are considered. In any case no one denies them the 

 virtues of valour and love of freedom, with which are associated 

 industrious habits and a remarkable aptitude for such handi- 

 crafts as metal work, jewellery, weaving, and ship-building. The 

 Achinese do not appear to be very strict Muhammadans ; poly- 

 gamy is little practised, their women are free to 20 



Islam and 



Hindu re- abroad unveiled, nor are they condemned to the 



miniscences. , r .-, , -, , , 



seclusion of the harem, and a pleasing survival 

 from Buddhist times is the Kanduri, a solemn feast, in which the 

 poor are permitted to share. Another reminiscence of Hindu 

 philosophy may perhaps have been an outburst of religious fervour, 

 which took the form of a pantheistic creed, and was so zealously 

 preached, that it had to be stamped out with fire and sword by 

 the dominant Moslem monotheists. 



Since the French occupation of Madagascar, the Malagasy 



problem has naturally been revived. But it may be 

 Relations in regretted that so much time and talent has been 



spent on a somewhat thrashed-out question by a 

 number of writers, who did not first take the trouble to read up 

 the literature of the subject. Had they done so, they must have 

 seen that most of the factors in the problem are really known 

 quantities, and that it is at this date somewhat of an anachronism 

 to suggest, for instance, that the Malayan migrations to Mada- 

 gascar are quite recent' 2 , or that the migrations were not from 



1 Anthropologie des Atjehs, in Rev. Med. Batavia, XXX. 6, 1890. 



2 A. Oppel, Globus, 70, p. 384. This writer, who scarcely understands 

 the elementary conditions of the question, thinks that "der Zeitpunkt der 



