350 MAN: PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



(79), but with wide range from 65 (some Eskimo] to 89 

 or 90 (some British Columbians, Peruvians); the os 

 Incae more frequently present than amongst other races, 

 but the os linguae (hyoid bone} often imperfectly de- 

 veloped ; Jaws, massive, but moderately projecting (meso- 

 gnathous, 72); Cheek-bone, rather prominent laterally, 

 and also high, but often of normal Caucasic form ; Nose, 

 generally large, straight or even aquiline, and mesorrhine 

 (50); Eyes, nearly always black, round, and straight, but 

 small, rather deep-set, and sometimes slightly oblique; 

 Stature, usually above the medium ($ft. 8 or 10 /;/.), 

 but variable under 5 ft. 6 in. on the western plateaux 

 (Peruvians, &*c.], also in Fuegia and Alaska; 6ft. and 

 upwards in Patagonia (Tehuelches), Central Brazil 

 (Boro?-os] and Prairie (Algonquians, Iroquoians] ; Lips, 

 Arms, Legs, and Feet, of normal (European] type. 

 Mental Temperament, moody, reserved, and wary; out- 



C ri 3. r etc 



ters. wardly impassive and capable of enduring extreme physical 



pain ; considerate towards each other, kind and gentle 

 towards their women and children, but not in a demon- 

 strative manner ; keen sense of justice, hence easily offended, 

 but also easily pacified. The outward show of dignity and 

 a lofty air assumed by many seems due more to vanity or 

 ostentation than to a feeling of true pride. Mental 

 capacity considerable, much higher than the Negro, but on 

 the whole inferior to the Mongol. 



Speech, exclusively polysynthetic, a type unknown 

 elsewhere ; is not a primitive condition, but a highly 

 specialised form of agglutination, in which all the terms 

 of the sentence tend to coalesce in a single polysyllabic word ; 

 stock languages very numerous, perhaps more so than all 

 the stock languages of all the other orders of speech in the 

 rest of the world. 



Religion, various grades of spirit and nature wor- 

 ship, corresponding to the various cultural grades; a 

 crude form of shamanism prevalent amongst most of the 

 North American aborigines, polytheism with sacrifice and 

 priestcraft amongst the cultured peoples (Aztecs, Mayas, 



